Microevolution

Modern Synthesis

The concept that both mutation and natural selection drive evolution.

Microevolution

Small genetic changes within a population that lead to changes in allele frequencies.

Macroevolution

Large-scale evolutionary changes that result in the formation of new species.

What are the five mechanisms of microevolution?

Mutation, Non-Random Mating, Natural Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift.

Mutation

A spontaneous change in DNA sequence that introduces genetic variation.

Non-Random Mating

A mating system that affects genetic diversity by changing genotype frequencies.

Natural Selection

The process where favorable traits increase survival and reproduction over generations.

Gene Flow

The exchange of genes between populations through migration and interbreeding.

Genetic Drift

Random changes in allele frequencies, particularly significant in small populations.

What is a real-life example of microevolution?

The change in frequency of the sickle cell allele in populations with malaria.

Assortative Mating

A mating pattern where similar individuals mate, decreasing genetic diversity.

Disassortative Mating

A mating pattern where different individuals mate, increasing genetic diversity.

Founder Effect

The phenomenon where a small group breaks off from a population, leading to limited genetic variation.

Bottleneck Effect

A sharp reduction in population size due to disaster, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

What does evolution mean in terms of genetics?

Evolution is a change in allele frequencies within a population over time.

Lactose Tolerance

A trait favored by natural selection allowing some adults to digest milk.

Sickle Cell Mutation

A point mutation that can lead to sickle cell anemia or increase resistance to malaria.

Are humans still evolving?

Yes, humans continue to evolve due to factors like genetic modification and natural selection.

What is the impact of genetic drift?

Genetic drift can lead to reduced variation and changes in allele frequencies by chance.

Variation is inherited.

One of the key concepts of the Modern Synthesis that states genetic differences can be passed to offspring.

Differential reproduction

The process through which some individuals contribute more offspring to the next generation than others, affecting allele frequencies.

Example of Macroevolution

Dinosaurs evolving into birds.

Example of Microevolution

Changes in the coloration of peppered moths in response to pollution.