biology lecture ch. 1 (terminology)

microscopic anatomy

study of structures too small to be seen without a microscope

gross anatomy

study of structures visible to the naked eye

surface anatomy

attempting to understand deep structures based on appearance of body surface; the basis of the physical exam

systemic anatomy

recognizing and independently studying the organ systems of the body

cell physiology

how CELLS perform their specialized functions

organ physiology

how specific organs perform their specialized functions

systemic physiology

how organ systems perform their specialized functions

pathological physiology

the functioning of cells, tissues, and organs that are diseased or damaged

11 organ systems

how many organ systems composing the human body working in unity to perform the vital functions of life?

homeostasis

steady state of the internal environment of an organism

intrinsic homeostasis

within a cell tissue or organ

extrinsic homeostasis

employs the nervous system and/or the endocrine system

receptor, control center and effector

3 mechanism components for both intrinsic and extrinsic homeostasis?

receptor

responds to a stimulus; detects imbalance

control center

processes information from receptors; determines how to restore balance

effector

acts as the command of the control center to alter the stimulus; restores balance

negative feedback

homeostasis correcting mechanism to keep a variable within a desired range (resist change)

positive feedback

homeostasis mechanism that initiates a response that amplifies the ORIGINAL stimulus

positive feedback

mechanism with examples of BLOOD CLOTTING AND LABOR & DELIVERY

anatomical position

standing looking forward with feet slightly apart, arms to your side, and palms facing forward

supine

lying on your BACK

prone

lying on your STOMACH

medial

moving toward the medial line of the body

lateral

moving away from the median line of the body

proximal

moving toward the body trunk

distal

moving away from the body trunk

superficial

at or near the body surface

deep

below the body surface

superior

moving toward the top of the head

inferior

moving toward the soles of the feet

anterior

moving toward the FRONT of the body

posterior

moving toward the BACK of the body

transverse plane

divides the body into superior & inferior portions

frontal plane

divides the body into anterior & posterior portions

sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left portions

body cavities

internal chambers holding vital organs; allow organs to move or change shape

ventral cavity

includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

thoracic cavity

includes pleural and pericardial cavity; contains heart and lungs

diaphragm

separates the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

includes the abdominal and pelvic cavity

pericardial cavity

contains heart

pleural cavity

contains lungs

mediastinum

middle part of the thoracic cavity

serous membrane

lines the pleural and pericardial cavities

visceral and parietal layer

2 layers of serous membranes?

pericardial fluid

fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium

pleural fluid

fluid between the layers of the pleura (surrounding the lungs)

peritoneum

serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

peritoneal fluid

fluid between the VISCERAL and PARIETAL layers of the peritoneum

abdomen

contains organs of the digestive, urinary and lymphatic system

no

is the pelvic cavity lined with a serous membrane?

pelvis

contains primary organs of the urinary and reproductive sytem