ZOO. LAB. FINALS (TERMS)

Muscular System of the Frog, Skeletal System of the Frog, Frog Organs, Frog Brain and Spinal Cord, and Kingdom Animalia.

Myology

Study of the structures and functions of the muscle.

Skeletal Muscle

Gives form and shape to the body.

Visceral Muscle

Surrounds orrgans and ducts of glands.

Cardiac Muscle

The muscle of the heart.

Fascia

Connective tissue membrane lining up the outer surface of muscles.

Origin

Proximal and fixed point of attachment.

Insertion

Distal and moveable point.

Belly

Free middle part.

Heads

More than one point of origin.

Levator

Raises

Depresssor

Lowers.

Dilator

Widens

Constrictor

Narrows

Sphincter

Encircles or closes

Extensor

Straightens

Flexor

Bends

Adductor

Pulls toward the median axis

Abductor

Pulls away from the median axis

Retractor

Pushes toward the base

Protactor

Pushes away from the base

Rotator

Turns

Supinator

Rotates upward

Pronator

Rotates downward

Temporalis

A muscle located on the side of the head that acts as the levator of the mandible and constrictor of the mouth.

Depressor mandibulae

Inserts to the lower jaw and serves as a jaw depressor.

Dorsalis scapulae

Inserts to the side of the humerus to abduct the arm.

Cucullaris

A short muscle along the middorsal line

Latissimus dorsi

Serves as the extensor of the back and levator of the head.

Iliolumbaris

A flexor of the back.

Coccygeosacralis

Helps extend the back and the urostyle to each other.

Coccygeoilacus

Helps extend the back and fixes the urostyle with respect to the pelvic girdle.

Mylohyoid

Elevates the floor of the mouth during breathing and swallowing.

Submentalis

Narrow muscle found in front of the mylohyoid inserted into the mandible and constricts the external nares.

Pericardial sac

The fibrous and serous membranes that enclose the heart, providing protection and lubrication.

Heart

The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, consisting of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

Liver

An essential organ involved in metabolism, detoxification, and the production of bile, essential for digestion.

Lung

The pair of respiratory organs located in the thoracic cavity, responsible for gas exchange between the air and blood.

Gallbladder

A small organ that stores bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.

Hepato-deuodenal omentum

A fold of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the duodenum.

Pancreas

A glandular organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin, playing a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

Mesentrium

A fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines providing support.

Stomach

A hollow organ in the digestive system that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes and acids.

Fat-body

A structure that stores fats and serves as a reserve of energy and nutrients.

Small Intestine

The long, coiled tube in the digestive system where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs.

Pyloric constriction

A ring of muscle at the lower end of the stomach that regulates the passage of partially digested food into the small intestine.

Testis

The male reproductive organ that produces sperm and hormones like testosterone.

Ovary

The female reproductive organ that produces eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Adrenal gland

A gland located on top of each kidney that produces hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which help regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress.

Kidney

A pair of organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine.

Spleen

An organ involved in filtering blood, recycling iron, and helping fight infections within the immune system.

Peritoneum

A membrane lining the abdominal cavity that covers the abdominal organs, providing support and protection.

Large Intestine

The last part of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.

Urinary bladder

A hollow organ that stores urine from the kidneys before it is excreted from the body.

Oviduct

A tube through which eggs pass from the ovary to the uterus facilitating fertilization and the transport of eggs.

Esophagus entrance

Where food and liquids pass from the mouth initiating the process of swallowing.

Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords that leads to the trachea and a protects the airway during swallowing.

Laryngeal prominence

Plays a role in protecting the vocal cords.

Tongue

Captures the prey.

Meninges

The protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Subdural space

The potential space between the dura mater and the pia mater.

Telencephalon

Part of the lobe that is responsible for consciousness, memory, vision, and intelligence.

Diencephalon

Part of the lobe that is responsible for the regulation of water balance, body temperature, sugar/fat metabolism, as well as sensory impulses.

Mesencephalon

Part of the lobe that is responsible for visual and auditory reflex.

Metencephalon

Part of the lobe that is responsible for coordination of movement.

Myelencephalon

Part of the lobe that is responsible for the heart rate, swallowing, respiration, and circulation.

Protozoa

Single-celled animals that moves using flagella, cilia, and pseudopodia.

Porifera

No tissues, but are mulicellular. Their bodies are perforated with pores, canals, and flagellated chambers with spicules and/or sponging fibers as skeletons.

Cnidaria

Radially symmetrical, either dipoblastic or tripoblastic, and has two types (medusa and polyp).

Aschelminthes

Unsegmented, pseudocoelomate, and bilaterally symmetrical worms

Platyhelminthes

Unsegmented, acoelmates, bilaterally symmetrical worms, and are flattened dorsoventrally.

Annelida

Divided into segments, tripoblastic, and are bilaterally symmetrical.

Mollusca

Has no segments and is bilaterally symmetrical. Has a head, ventral foot, visceral hump, mantle, and (sometimes) a shell.

Echinodermata

Radially symmetrical, no segments, and are pentamerous.

Arthropoda

Tripoblastic, segemented, and are bilaterally symmetrical. Has a head, thorax, and abdomen.

Chordata

Has a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail