Chemistry Unit 3 Flashcards Electrons, Light, and Trends

What is periodic law

when elements are in increasing atomic number and their physical and chemical properties show a repeating pattern

Who first organized elements in triads(groups of three)

Dobreiner

What did Newlands contribute to the evolution of the Periodic Table

He organized elements by increasing atomic number and created the law of octaves

What did Melendeev do?

He organized the elements by increasing atomic mass AND similar properties.

What structure do we use now for the periodic table?

Periodic law

Who discovered Periodic Law?

Mosely

How are series/periods on the periodic table organized?

Left and Right

How are groups/families arranged on the periodic table?

Up and Down

How many groups are there?

18

How many periods are there on the periodic table?

7

Where are the metals on the periodic table?

left of the stair case

Where are the non metals on the periodic table?

Right of the staircase

Where are the semimetals/metalloids?

Along/ON the staircase

What is an Atomic orbital?

3d space where there is a high probability of finding and electron

What is the Aufbau Principle?

Electrons occupy orbitals of the LOWEST energy level FIRST

What are the Aufbau Principle exceptions/ when do you STEAL?

Silver, Copper, Gold, Molybdenum,Tungsten, Chromium

Hund's Rule?

Every orbital gets one electrician before they get 2

Pauli Exclusion principle? Orbitals hold a maximum of two electrons that spin in opposite directions.

What Sublevel are columns 1 and 2?

S sublevel

The lanthanide and actinide series are in what sublevels and blocks?

F sublevel and F block

What does the S orbital diagram look like?

S(phere)

What does the P orbital diagram look like?

P(eanut)/ Dumbell

What does the D orbital diagram look like?

D(ouble peanut)

What does the F orbital diagram look like?

F(lower)

What are positively charged ions?

Cations

What are negatively charged ions?

Anions

Which ion is larger than their parent atom?

Anions

What is released when an electron falls from the excited state to the ground state?

A photon

Why are noble gases noble?

they are chemically inert, meaning they rarely react with other elements.

What happens to the atomic radius when moving on the periodic table?

INCREASES going DOWN a group, DECREASES when going across a period

What happens to the ionization energy when moving on the periodic table?

INCREASES going across the series, DECREASES when you move down a group.

What happens to the Electronegativity when moving on the periodic table.

DECREASES going down a group, INCREASES going across a period.

How can you figure out the Lewis dot structure when given an electron configuration?

Count the number of valence electrons from the configuration and count the number of dots on the structure.

Given a picture of the Bohr model how do you find the atomic number and electron configuration?

By counting the number of dots/electrons orbiting the nucleus

Where are the Alkali metals?

Groups one MINUS HYDROGEN

Where are the Noble Gases?

Group 18

Features of Noble Gases?

Colorless and Usually unreactive

Where are the Halogens?

Group 17

Where are the Alkali Earth metals?

Group 2