bakit ang pogi ni James REID? Systematics GBIO2

Characterisation

The organisms to be studied is described for all its morphological and other characteristics

Identification

It is the finding of correct name and place of an organism in a system of classification. It is done with the help of keys. This is carried out by determining similarities with already known organisms

Nomenclature

It is the science of providing distinct and proper names to organisms so that they can be easily recognized and differentiated from others.

Classification

It is the placing of an organism or a group of organisms in categories according to a particular system which is based on certain easily observable but fundamental characters and in conformity with a nomenclature system. A hierarchy is maintained for these categories.

Types of Classification

Binomial Nomenclature

• two part name (genus, species)

Hierarchal Classification

• Seven (8) Taxonomic Categories

Systematics

• Study of the evolution of biological diversity

Levels of taxonomic classification

is also called Linnean hierarchy or taxonomical hierarchy. It is the classification of organism in a definite sequence of categories in a definite sequence of categories from domain to species or from species to domain. There are eight categories:

Eight Categories of Taxonomic Classification

• Domain - Eukarya

• Kingdom - Animalia

• Phylum - Chordata

• Class - Mammalia

• Order - Carnivora

• Family - Canidae

• Genus - Vulpes

• Species - Vulpes vulpes

Shortcut for the EIGHT CATEGORIES

DKPCOFGS or Dear King Philip Came Over for Good Spaghetti

Archaea

one-celled organisms with membranes composed of branched hydrocarbon chains

Bacteria

one celled organisms that have a substance called peptidoglycan that form their cell wall

Eukarya

one or multi-celled organisms with their genetic material organized in a nucleus

Kingdoms

are levels which are broken down from the domains. There are six [answer] which include Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista

PHYLUM

is the next level in the classification system and is used to group living organisms together based on some common features; “chordates,” and it refers to all animals with a spinal column. As humans, we are also part of the chordate [answer] . Like the Kingdom Plantae, [answer] is broken down into divisions:

CLASS

The class level is another way to group together organisms that are alike, but it becomes even more specific than phylum. There are more than 100 [answer]; includes the Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia in animals or Magnoliopsida (dicots), and Liliopsioda (monocots) in plants.

ORDER

An [ANSWER] is a major subdivision of an organism's class. It is just another way to break down the class of plants and animals. Some [ANSWER] include carnivores, primates, rodents for animals and fagales, and pinales (pines) for plants.

FAMILY

The next level in the classification of living organisms is categorized much like the group of people that we call [answer]. We are all different, but we share enough similarities that we belong in the same [answer]; the same applies to all living things.

GENUS

The [answer] is the first part of a living thing’s scientific name, also known as binomial nomenclature. Let’s look at lions and tigers, for example, the scientific name for a lion is Panthera leo, and the tiger is Panthera tigris; Panthera is the [answer].

SPECIES

The [answer] is the final and most specific level of the classification system. The best way to describe a [answer] is a group of organisms that are best suited for breeding healthy offspring, which can also continue to reproduce.

Examples of Linnaean Taxonomic Classification

Examples of Linnaean Taxonomic Classification

PHYLOGENY

• the evolutionary history of lineages

• is to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities and differences.

Phylogenetic Tree

A scientific diagram that biologists use to represent the phylogeny (evolutionary history of a species) of organisms.

CLADE

a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor – living and extinct

CLADOGRAM

a diagram that shows clades and how they are linked by shared traits

CLADOGRAM ANALYSIS

It is a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. It is based on PHYLOGENY, which is the study of evolutionary relationships.

“Dichotomous

means divided into two parts

Dichotomous Key

A method of identification whereby groups of organisms are divided into two categories repeatedly based on their characteristics

Typically, a [answer] for identifying a particular type of object consists of a specific series of questions. When one question is answered, the key directs the user as to what question to ask next

[answer] always give two distinct choices in each step, often they are opposites. Black/white; good/evil; pointed/rounded