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Social Psychology
subfield in psychology that deals with how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by our social interactions with others
Stereotypes
oversimplified generalizations about the characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of members of a particular group
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
exception that helps bring about the outcome that is expected
Attribution
assumption about the causes of behavior or events
Fundamental Attribution Error
tendency to attribute behavior to internal caues without regard to situational influences
Self-Serving Bias
tendency to take credit for our accomplishments and to explain away our failures or disappointments
Attitude
positive or negative evaluation of persons, objects, or issues
Attraction
feelings of liking for others, together with having positive thoughts about them and inclinations to act toward them in positive ways
Proximity
nearness or propinquity
Bystander Intervention
helping a stranger in distress WHEN FEWER PPL
Social Norms
standards that define what is socially acceptable in a given situation
Prejudice
preconceived opinion or attitude about an issue, person, or group
Discrimination
unfair or biased treatment of people based on their membership in a particular group or category
In-Groups
social, religious, ethnic, or national groups with which one identifies
Out-Groups
groups other than those with which one identifies
In-Group Favoritism
cognitive bias involving the predisposition to attribute more positive characteristics to membes of in-groups than to those of out-groups
Out-Group Homogeneity
cognitive bias describing the tendency to preceive members of out-groups as more alike than members of in-groups
Frustration
negative emotional state experienced when one's efforts to perceived social pressures
Compliance
tendency to accede to the requests or demands of others
Foot-In-The-Door Technique
compliance technique based on securing compliance with a smaller request as a prelude to making a larger request
Door-In-The-Face Technique
compliance technique in which refusal of a large technique in which refusal of a large unreasonable request is followed by a smaller, more reasonable request
Obedience
compliance with commands or orders issued by others, usually persons in a position of authority
Stereotype Threat
sense of threat evoked in members of stereotyped groups when they believed they may be judged or treated stereotypically
Conformity
tendency to adjust one's behavior to actual or perceived social pressures
Social Facilitation
tendency to work better or harder in the presence of others than when alone
Social Loafing
tendency to expend less effort when working as a member of a group than when working alone
Deindividuation
loss of self awareness that may occur when one acts in concert with the actions of a crowd
Group Polarization
tendency for members of decision-making groups to shift toward more extreme views in whatever direction they were initially learning
Groupthink
Janis's term for the tendency of members of a decision-making group to be more focused on reaching a consensus than on critically examing the issues at hand
central route persuasion
use evidence & arguments to persuade
peripheral route persuasion
use superficial clues to persuade
cognitive dissonance
conflict between attitudes/beliefs & our behavior — which causes anxiety & tension