Social Psychology

Social Psychology

subfield in psychology that deals with how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by our social interactions with others

Stereotypes

oversimplified generalizations about the characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of members of a particular group

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

exception that helps bring about the outcome that is expected

Attribution

assumption about the causes of behavior or events

Fundamental Attribution Error

tendency to attribute behavior to internal caues without regard to situational influences

Self-Serving Bias

tendency to take credit for our accomplishments and to explain away our failures or disappointments

Attitude

positive or negative evaluation of persons, objects, or issues

Attraction

feelings of liking for others, together with having positive thoughts about them and inclinations to act toward them in positive ways

Proximity

nearness or propinquity

Bystander Intervention

helping a stranger in distress WHEN FEWER PPL

Social Norms

standards that define what is socially acceptable in a given situation

Prejudice

preconceived opinion or attitude about an issue, person, or group

Discrimination

unfair or biased treatment of people based on their membership in a particular group or category

In-Groups

social, religious, ethnic, or national groups with which one identifies

Out-Groups

groups other than those with which one identifies

In-Group Favoritism

cognitive bias involving the predisposition to attribute more positive characteristics to membes of in-groups than to those of out-groups

Out-Group Homogeneity

cognitive bias describing the tendency to preceive members of out-groups as more alike than members of in-groups

Frustration

negative emotional state experienced when one's efforts to perceived social pressures

Compliance

tendency to accede to the requests or demands of others

Foot-In-The-Door Technique

compliance technique based on securing compliance with a smaller request as a prelude to making a larger request

Door-In-The-Face Technique

compliance technique in which refusal of a large technique in which refusal of a large unreasonable request is followed by a smaller, more reasonable request

Obedience

compliance with commands or orders issued by others, usually persons in a position of authority

Stereotype Threat

sense of threat evoked in members of stereotyped groups when they believed they may be judged or treated stereotypically

Conformity

tendency to adjust one's behavior to actual or perceived social pressures

Social Facilitation

tendency to work better or harder in the presence of others than when alone

Social Loafing

tendency to expend less effort when working as a member of a group than when working alone

Deindividuation

loss of self awareness that may occur when one acts in concert with the actions of a crowd

Group Polarization

tendency for members of decision-making groups to shift toward more extreme views in whatever direction they were initially learning

Groupthink

Janis's term for the tendency of members of a decision-making group to be more focused on reaching a consensus than on critically examing the issues at hand

central route persuasion

use evidence & arguments to persuade

peripheral route persuasion

use superficial clues to persuade

cognitive dissonance

conflict between attitudes/beliefs & our behavior — which causes anxiety & tension