Key People - Plymouth

King James I (of England, VI of Scotland)

King of England who provides the charter for Jamestown; He is also king during the settlement of Plymouth, although Plymouth Colony does NOT have a charter from him

King Charles I

English king who opposes Puritan efforts to change the Church of England; provided a charter to the Mass Bay Company for opportunity to trade (between Merrimack & Charles Rivers)

Henry VIII (Henry the 8th)

English king who breaks with the Catholic Church because the Pope refuses to allow him to divorce his wife; thus the Church of England is established - with the monarch as head of Church of England

Queen Elizabeth I

Act of Uniformity (1558) - she wants to unify England (Protestants and Catholics) by adopting some Catholic practices into the Church of England

Martin Luther

Wrote his 95 Theses, protesting the sale of indulgences by Catholic priests (and other concerns) and nailed them to a church in Germany; The Lutheran Church (Protestant) stems from this

John Smith

Jamestown; Returned Tisquantum to Patuxet; named “New England” and the “Charles River”

William Bradford

2nd governor of Plymouth Colony; a theologian; much of what we know of the beginnings of Plymouth Colony, we know from his writings (Of Plymouth Plantation)

Edward Winslow

A senior from Plymouth; an emissary (representative of Plymouth / the English) to the Wampanoag - had very positive relationship with Massasoit

Samoset

Introduced Squanto to the Separatists; was Abenaki, spoke Algonquian language; learned basic English from fishing alongside English settlers

Squanto (Tisquantum)

A Patuxet Indian; had been kidnapped into slavery (this is how he learned English); on John Smith’s expedition 1614/5; taught the Separatists to plant crops; lived with the Wampanoag, then became a member of Plymouth Colony – Indian emissary to William Bradford

Massassoit

Sachem of the Wampanoags, father to Metacom; sent Squanto to live among the Separatists; forged positive relations and a peace treaty with the Separatists (especially William Bradford and Edward Winslow); prevented the failure of Plymouth Colony; when he fell ill, E Winslow nursed him back to health

Oceanus Hopkins

The only child born on the Mayflower (son of Elizabeth Hopkins) - he died at the age of 2

Wampanoag / Patuxet (Algonquian)

Two of the Nations local to the area of Plymouth; Patuxet had died out, but Wampanoag were strong allies of the Separatists in the early years (Massassoit)

John Winthrop

Leader of the Puritan migration; City Upon a Hill sermon

Roger Williams

Raised in the Church of England, became a Puritan; Minister who founded Rhode Island (after being banished from MassBay – he spent his first Winter with Massasoit)  - Paid Indian peoples for their land; Believes: 1) Each person should follow his/her conscience, 2) Church should NOT be involved in government, 3) Native Americans, not the king, own the land, and 4) Ministers should not take pay from their congregation

Anne Hutchinson

A dissenter banished from Mass Bay – to exile - becasue she expresses religious beliefs that differ from colonial rulers (ex: Woman were forbidden from teaching religion)

Thomas Hooker

Connecticut; Fundamental Orders

William Penn

Pennsylvania; Quakers

Quakers

Believe all people are equal before God (“Inner Light”), ministers and the Bible are unnecessary; they were persecuted in England; Left Mass Bay for Pennsylvania (William Penn)

Josiah Winslow

Son of Edward Winslow, failed relationship with Metacom, Wampanoag (wanted to expand land); King Philip’s War

Metacom(et)

Son of Massasoit; AKA King Philip, leader of Wampanoag Indians who led the Wampanoag against Josiah Winslow and Separatists in King Philip’s War