Studied by 13 people
Instructor: Liza Meredith. Made with Liza's study guides and lecture material.
What is counseling?
A professional relationship that empowers diverse peoples to accomplish a variety of life goals.
What are the four major parts that go into the definition of counseling?
A workplace relationship
Helping someone get more control and empower them
Counseling takes on different forms
People come with a lot of different goals
Who provides counseling services?
Everyone who listens and provides help.
What is counseling psychology?
Professional psychology that focuses on personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span. It is holistic and pays attention to the entirety of the person.
What are the three primary roles that counseling psychologists can take?
Remedial
Preventative
Educative-Development
What are the central values of counseling psychology?
Preventive
Vocational
Scientist-Practitioner Model
Psychological testing
Lifespan development
Strength based approach
Social justice and diversity
Who were our oldest counselors?
Philosophers
What is Hippocrates remembered for?
Emotional stress is not punishment but it is natural like physiological illnesses.
What is the early history of the mental health profession?
It was bleak; it was either something with the devil or it said you had bad moral character.
What are the forces that have shaped counseling psychology?
Social reform
Social and economic world events
Vocational guidance movement
Mental hygiene movement
How was the Industrial Revolution relevant to the development of the counseling profession?
There were many new jobs and vocational training was created to train them.
What is Dorthea Dix remembered for?
1848: She was a teacher for mentally ill inmates. She saw that the inmates were not bad people, just a reflection of their surroundings. Started social reform, and state-sponsored asylums (good thing).
Dorthea is a woman and a woman is typically a teacher.
What is Clifford Beers remembered for?
1908: He was in an institution, and wrote a book about how bad it is. The book was a best-seller and informed the public that the system was broken. “A Mind that Found Itself.”
Clifford Beers has the same name as Clifford the big red dog which is a book. Clifford wrote a book.
What is Frank Parsons remembered for?
He came up with the first I/O theories with
A book called “Choosing a Vocation”
Parson’s Model of Career Counseling
Frank is the name of a business and psych business people are I/O.
How did the World Wars and the Great Depression impact the development of the counseling profession?
A bunch of job I/O related things.
What are the 3 key dates in counseling psychology?
1946: Formation of the APA
1949: Scientist-Practitioner model was established
1964: The Counseling Psychologist journal was founded
What are the five phases of the counseling process?
Intake & Assessment & Relationship Building
Conceptualization
Treatment Planning
Intervention
Termination/Refer
What is the first phase of the counseling process?
Intake, Assessments, and Relationship Building
What are the 3 goals of the intake assessment process?
Make clear the parameters (consent, confidentiality, payment)
Build the relationship
Gather information (Is this the right fit)
What kinds of information are collected at intake?
Mental health histories
Alcohol
Social support
Trauma history
Strengths
Etc. of like 7 other things
What is the second phase of the counseling process?
Conceptualization
What is conceptualization?
A hypothesis about why a client is behaving, feeling, and thinking the way they do.
What are the pros of a diagnosis?
Can be helpful to clients
Improves informed professional communication through uniformity
Provides the basis for a comprehensive educational and research tool
What are the cons to a diagnosis?
Can lead to social stigma
Can be too black and white to accurately describe the situation
Does not describe intervention strategies
What is the third phase of the counseling process?
Treatment planning
What are the four parts to treatment planning?
Presenting problem: a brief description of the main issue
Goals of therapy: goalz
Methods: A list of the techniques that will be used
Time estimate: best guess time estimate of how long it will take to get to the goal
What is the purpose of treatment planning?
To tell everyone involved in treatment what is happening, to make sure nothing is forgotten, and to provide a measure for progress.
What is phase four of the counseling process?
Intervention
What happens during the fourth phase of the counseling process?
The counselor and the client work on the goals made in the treatment plans
What is the fifth phase of the counseling process?
Termination
What are the three basic counseling skills? Ana…
Attending behavior
Non-verbal
Active listening
What acronym is used for attending behaviors?
SHOVELER
Name each letter of the acronym used to remember attending behaviors?
Squarely: facing each other squarely
Head nods
Open posture
Verbal following
spEech (insert voice crack here)
Lean in
Eye contact
Relaxed vibes
What are the main 5 active listening responses?
Open-ended questions
Closed ended questions
Paraphrasing
Reflection of feeling
Summarizing
What are the advanced counseling skills?
Confrontation
Interpretation
Self disclosure
Immediacy
When might one use open ended questions?
To start
To encourage talking
To get specific examples
When might one use closed ended questions?
To get specific information
To make a quiet client talk
To make a client shut up
To better define the topic of discussion
When might one use paraphrasing?
To check perceptions
To convey understanding
Encourage them to elaborate
When you don’t know what to say next
When might one use reflection of feeling?
To validate
To make clients express more feelings
To help client manage feelings
To help discriminate among various feelings
When might one use summarizing?
To identify a common theme or pattern
To interrupt
To end a session
To start a session
To transition
What makes up improvements in psychotherapy? (pie chart)
40% Extratherapeutic factors
30% Common factors
15% Expectancy factors
15% Techniques
What is the alliance?
The relationship between the counselor and the client that allows them to achieve goals
What are the three parts of an alliance?
Bond
Goals
Tasks
What are the three reasons why goal consensus and collaboration is important?
Counselors should not push their own agenda
Educate clients about why collaboration is important
Obtain the client’s consent about the goals and treatment plan
What is positive regard and why is it important?
It is having no judgement, conditions, and viewing them plainly
What is genuineness?
The art of being oneself
What is cultural competence?
A set of skills and knowledge that allows you to deal with people of different cultures
What is the ASK model?
Awareness of one’s values and biases
Skills: development of intervention strategies like naming experience and providing vocabulary
Knowledge: having a worldwide view
What is scientific mindfulness?
Creating and testing hypotheses
What does the ADDRESSING framework stand for?
Age
Developmental disabilities
Disabilities acquired later in life
Religious background
Ethnicity and race
Sexual orientation
Socioeconomic status
Indigenous backgrounds
National origins
Gender
What are the five parts of aspirational ethics?
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Fidelity and responsibility
Justice
Integrity
Dignity
What are the limits to competence?
Lack of knowledge or experience
Impaired objectivity, like biases or overidentification
What are the 3 APA ethical standards of focus in this course?
Competence, human relations, privacy and confidentiality
What is human relations?
It mostly deals with how not to treat people badly, like in situations of harassment, discrimination, and multiple relationships
What five things should be included in informed consent?
Procedures and goals
Risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment
The right to withdraw from treatment
Costs
Limits of confidentiality
When do multiple role relationship occur?
Literally if you know them in any other capacity other than oh I see you at the same coffee shop sometimes.
What are the limits to confidentiality?
Client poses a danger to self or others
Child abuse
Court ordered things
Illicit substance use while pregnant
Knowledge of abuse or exploitation by another health professional
What is a crisis?
A time limited event that overwhelms a client’s resources,
OR
It can last for a longer period of time but the intensity changes.
The client can often no longer think clearly.
What are the stages of crisis counseling?
Plan
Establish relationship
Identify problems(s) (including the “last straw” or crisis precipitants
Explore feelings of emotions (including active listening and validation)
Generate and exploration alternatives (untapped resources and coping skills)
Develop and formulate an action plan
Follow-up plan and agreement
What are some strategies for helping a client through a crisis?
Take control of the situation
Calm the client down
Discuss Resources
Be optimistic, but do not invalidate
Explore social support
Create a plan
Intervene
What is a warning sign?
Indicators of immediate risk.
What is a risk factor?
Indicates heightened risk, but with no timeline.
What are the first three warning signs?
Threatening to harm yourself or others
Looking for means of with to harm
Talking about death, dying, or suicide
What does the acronym SAD PERSONS scale tell you?
Sex
Age
Depression
Previous attempts
Ethanol
Rational thinking loss
Social support lacking
Organized plan to harm
No significant other
Sickness
Note
Flashcard