Unit 3 Ch 6

Civil Rights Movement

A nonviolent social movement from 1954 to 1968 aimed at abolishing legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the U.S.

Letter from Birmingham Jail

A letter by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. emphasizing the moral responsibility to break unjust laws and the idea that "injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."

Women’s Rights Movement

A social movement in the 1960s and 1970s focused on gender equality, including equal employment, pay, reproductive rights, and education discrimination.

National Organization of Women (NOW)

A feminist organization advocating for gender equality.

LGBTQ rights

Political and social rights for LGBTQ individuals, including same-sex marriage and anti-discrimination efforts, with ongoing opposition to transgender rights.

Pro-life movement

An anti-abortion movement advocating for legal restrictions on abortions based on moral and religious beliefs.

Pro-choice movement

A movement supporting women's legal right to elective abortion based on privacy rights.

Brown v

Supreme Court case declaring race-based school segregation unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in public places and employment, and mandating school integration.

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972

Law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation prohibiting racial discrimination in voting.

Separate but equal doctrine

Legal principle allowing racial segregation as long as facilities were deemed equal.

Majority-minority districting

Drawing electoral districts where racial or ethnic minorities make up the majority of constituents.

Affirmative Action

Policies aimed at addressing disparities in race, gender, and other characteristics in education and employment.

Civil rights

Protections against discrimination based on race, national origin, religion, and sex, guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.

De jure segregation

Racial segregation enforced by law.

De facto segregation

Racial segregation occurring due to residential patterns, not mandated by law.

Civil disobedience

Peacefully disobeying unjust laws and accepting punishment as a form of protest.

Rational basis

Legal standard assessing if a policy uses reasonable means to achieve a legitimate government goal.

Intermediate scrutiny

Legal standard evaluating if a policy serves an important government interest and is substantially related to that interest.

Strict scrutiny

Highest legal standard requiring discrimination to serve a compelling government interest and be narrowly tailored.

Police powers

State powers to enact laws for health, safety, and morals.

Reverse discrimination

Preferential treatment based on race or sex.