music appretiation test 2 omg

What did Pythagoras discover?

Acoustical ratios

What were monasteries the arbiters of?

Arbiters of culture

Under which pope was Gregorian chant created?

Pope Gregory

What is the definition of liturgy?

A standard form for worship for the Christian church, including words and music for all church observances

List all parts of the Ordinary of the Mass.

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

What musical texture began as a parallel melodic line to a line of Gregorian chant?

Polyphony

Who were the two composers that began to break away from strict parallel motion?

Leonin and Perotin

How many voices did Pérotin compose for?

Three or four voices

What is a Medieval Motet?

A polyphonic vocal composition with several different melodic lines originating from France

Who were the French noblemen poets and composers who hired minstrels to sing their songs during the Medieval period?

Troubadours and trobairitz

What is the genre of 'Alleluia, Diffusa est gratia' by Perotin?

Medieval motet

Why is 'Alleluia' sung over several notes in Perotin?

To give the sense of spiritual joy

How many voices does 'Quant en moi' by Guillaume de Machaut have?

Three

What language is 'A Chantar' by Beatrix de Dia written in?

Occitan (secular French language)

What ancient cultures did the Renaissance see a rebirth of interest in?

Greek and Roman

What invention allowed thoughts to move more freely during the Renaissance?

Movable type printing press

What are the characteristics of the Renaissance Motet?

Sacred polyphonic work for voices, sung in Latin, by small groups of men and boys, and sung without accompaniment

What are the characteristics of the Madrigal?

Vernacular languages, secular texts often deal with love, and more rhythmic with faster tempos

What is word painting?

Music depicting the words being sung

What texture characterizes Josquin's 'Kyrie' from the Pange lingua Mass?

Polyphonic

Is Palestrina’s 'Sicut cervus' a mass or a motet?

Motet

What are some characteristics of Baroque art?

Grandiose dimensions, love of drama, religious intensity

What is figured bass?

A shorthand system for notating chords

Where were opera houses first created?

Venice, Italy

What type of singing is emphasized in opera?

Virtuoso singing

What is a libretto?

A pre-written, poetic text composers use to develop operatic music around

Why must operatic singers sing quite loudly?

To project over the orchestra without a microphone.

What did monasteries preserve?

Writings

What is the vocal tradition in Dies Irae?

Gregorian chant, sung by monks & priests

What language is Dies Irae sung in?

Latin

What genre is Quant en Moi?

Medieval motet

What texture is Quant en Moi?

Polyphonic

Is A Chantar sacred or secular?

Secular

How is A Chantar arranged?

Solo voice with mandola

Is Josquin’s Kyrie a mass or motet?

Mass

What group is Palestrina sung by?

Men and boys

What texture is Palestrina?

Polyphonic

What date was the Baroque period?

1600-1750

What is the patronage system?

Composers composed exclusively for their employer, and they lived with them

What were the locations of performances in the Baroque period?

Churches and palaces

What texture was developed in the Baroque period?

Homophony

What two modes were emphasized the most in the Baroque period?

Major & minor

What is equal temperament tuning?

Making all intervals slightly off, allowing everything to sound almost in tune

What is an oratorio?

A lengthy work for voices & orchestra

What does an oratorio consist of?

Recitatives, choruses, arias

What are some characteristics of an aria?

Accompanied vocal solos in an oratorio, longer than recitatives, accompanied by orchestra, soloist singer displays outstanding singer technique, memorable melodies

what are some characteristics of a chorale?

Hymn for Lutheran church, steady rhythm, sung by congregation, strophic, sung in German (not Latin)

What are some characteristics of a cantata?

Any sizable work that was sung, short oratorio, chorale melody

What are some elements of an opera?

Orchestra is located before the stage in the pit, music reflects character traits

What voice types have lead roles in opera?

Tenors & sopranos