biopsych

What is the definition of 'emotion'?

An immediate, specific, positive or negative response to a stimulus.

How is 'feeling' defined in the context of emotions?

The subjective experience of an emotion, shaped by thoughts and interpretations.

What does the James-Lange Theory propose about emotions?

Emotions result from physiological responses to stimuli.

What are basic emotions?

Universal emotions that form the foundation of emotional experiences.

What is one reason for the proposal of basic emotions?

Some emotions are irreducible and exist on their own.

What is the role of the limbic system?

It's a network of structures responsible for emotion regulation, memory formation, motivation, and physiological control.

What is the function of the amygdala?

Responsible for fear, anxiety, aggression, sexual attraction, and pleasure.

What happens in the amygdala when there is hyperactivity?

It can lead to anxiety disorders, PTSD, and phobias.

What does the hippocampus do?

It is crucial for learning, memory formation, and spatial navigation.

What occurs if there is damage to the hippocampus?

It can cause anterograde amnesia, the inability to form new memories.

How does the hypothalamus contribute to stress response?

It maintains homeostasis by controlling the autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems.

What are the stages of General Adaptation Syndrome according to Hans Selye?

Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion stages.

What is eustress?

Positive stress that enhances motivation and performance.

What are adaptive coping mechanisms?

Strategies that enhance long-term psychological well-being.

What is cognitive reappraisal?

A method of rethinking a stressful situation in a more positive way.

What effect does physical exercise have on stress?

It releases endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine, improving mood and reducing stress.

What is a maladaptive coping mechanism?

Strategies that may relieve stress temporarily but worsen mental and physical health over time.

What is emotional suppression?

Avoiding stressors which can increase amygdala activity and lead to heightened anxiety.

How does substance abuse affect mental health?

It artificially increases dopamine but weakens prefrontal cortex regulation, leading to addiction.

What is the relationship between the amygdala and emotional expressions?

Voluntary expressions are controlled by the motor cortex, while spontaneous expressions arise from subcortical brain areas linked to emotions.