concise 10-13

What are depressants and what effects do they have on the central nervous system?

Depressants are substances that slow down the central nervous system, leading to relaxation, reduced inhibitions, impaired judgment, and coordination.

What are the three primary groups of depressants?

Alcohol, sedative-hypnotic drugs, and opioids.

What is defined as binge drinking?

Binge drinking is consuming 5 or more drinks during a single occasion.

What is the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among different demographics in the U.S.?

White Americans: 5.7%, Hispanic Americans: 5.3%, Black Americans: 4.5%, American Indians: 7.1%, Asians: 3.8%.

What are some psychological effects of alcoholism?

Alcoholism can lead to memory and attention deficits and speed of cognitive processing and reaction time impairments.

What withdrawal symptoms may occur from alcohol cessation?

Withdrawal symptoms include physical symptoms like tremors, sweating, and nausea, and psychological symptoms like increased anxiety and depression.

What replaced barbiturates as the primary sedative-hypnotic drugs?

Benzodiazepines.

What are opioids primarily used for, and what is their addiction potential?

Opioids are used for pain relief but have a high risk of addiction.

Name some common treatment strategies for substance use disorders.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), aversion therapy, and integrated treatment approaches.

What are the phases of the human sexual response cycle?

Desire, excitement, orgasm, and resolution.

What characterizes male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A persistent lack of interest in sex and significant distress, affecting 10-15% of men.

What psychological factors can contribute to low sexual desire?

Increased anxiety, depression, or negative attitudes toward sex.

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior, including delusions and hallucinations.

What is the definition of antisocial personality disorder?

Characterized by patterns of manipulation and violation of others' rights, often associated with criminal behavior.

What are the traits of avoidant personality disorder?

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to negative evaluation, and fear of rejection.

What is the treatment method for borderline personality disorder that has proven effective?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).

Why is understanding personality disorders important?

It is crucial for developing more effective treatment approaches tailored to individual traits and behaviors.

What are some behavioral treatments for erectile disorder?

Therapies that emphasize performance anxiety reduction and include medications like Viagra.