Phenol

•Very similar with alcohol

•Also named as Carbolic acid

•Dow's process: Benzene to Phenol

Used in step 1: dry AlCl3

Used in step 2: 100-200 atm, 200-300°C

Used in step 3: H+/H2O (dilute acid)

•Phenol is acidic:

Phenate ion → Violet color

•Alcohol NOT acidic:

Alcoxide ion → unstable

•Properties of phenol:

1. Acidic

2. Side chain (-OH) reaction

3. Ring reaction

4. Creates polymer

•Presence of -OH:

step 1: reacts with PCl5

Step 2: HCl created

Step 3: HCl reacted with NH3

Step 4: NH4Cl created which creates white fume, indicating -OH chain is present

•Amisol:

Methoxy Benzene

-O-CH3 (with Benzene ring)

Step 1: Sodium phenate produced

Step 2: CH3I Used

•Aspirin:

Dispirin/Ecospirin

Oxygen acedyle salicylic acid

-O-CO-CH3 (with salicylic acid)

Step 1: Sodium salicylate produced (from salicylic acid)

Step 2: Cl-CO-CH3 Used

•paracetamol:

Acetaminophen

N-acito-4-amino phenol

-NH-CO-CH3(with phenol)

Step 1: nitration of phenol

Step 2: reduction (remove Oxygen, place Hydrogen)

Step 3: add CH3-CO-O-CO-CH3 (ethanoic anhydride)

•Picric acid:

NO2 in all sides of phenol (ortho and pera)

In one step only

Nitration

Catalyst: concentrated H2SO4, 110°C

•Dettol:

Chloroxylene

Chlorine in the middle of two meta positioned xylene

Step 1: 3, 5 dimethyl chlorohexinone passed to Pb legand complex

Step 2: double bond breaks

Step 3: in Presence of iron metal, chlorine gas is passed

•Kolb reaction:

From phenol to salicylic acid

Step 1: produce Sodium Phenate

Step 2: add CO2 with catalyst 4.7 atm, 125°C

Step 3: add HCl

•Reimer Tiemann reaction:

Add chloroform and any alkali

Salycaldehyde produced

•Phenol Identification:

FeCl3 added

Ferrifenate produced → violet ppt