Component 3 Revision

Blood pressure

The pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels.

Type 2 Diabetes

Chronic illness - A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, mainly caused by obesity.

BMI (body mass index)

Physiological indicator - A measure of body weight relative to height.

Peak flow

Physiological indicator - maximum speed of expiration.

Pulse rate

Physiological indicator- the number of pulse beats per minute.

Informal support

Relatives, friends, neighbours. Can offer practical help, emotional support, advice, financial help.

Formal support

Paid support from professional caregivers such as doctors, nurses, social workers, and homecare workers. Can offer practical help, emotional support.

Obstacles

Something that blocks or stands in the way.

Motivation

A need or desire that energises and directs behaviour.

Chronic Illness

Physical factor- An illness that begins gradually and is ongoing, will last more than 6 months. (Cancer, Asthma)

Resting pulse rate

the rate at which your heart beats when still

Acute iIlness

Physical factor- A sudden quick illness from which a person is expected to recover and last no longer than 6 months. (Flu, heart attack)

Diet

Physical factor - The foods and beverages a person eats and drinks.

Obesity

Physical factor - Having an excess amount of body fat

Stroke

Physical factor - A sudden attack of weakness or paralysis that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted.

Asthma

Chronic illness - episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways.

Addiction

Lifestyle choice - A physiological or psychological dependence on drink / drug.

Nicotine

Lifestyle choice- The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves.

Personal hygiene

Physical factor - Daily maintenance of cleanliness by practicing good healthful habits.

Social interaction

Social factor - The process by which people act and react in relation to others.

Social isolation

Social, emotional and cultural factor - A complete/ near complete lack of contact with people and society for members of social spears; not the same thing as loneliness, which is temporary.

Stress

Social, emotional and cultural factor - The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

Culture

Social, emotional and cultural factor - Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Wealth

Economical factor - The total value of everything someone owns, minus the debts.

Social class

Economical factor - Agroup of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living.

Material possessions

Economical factor - Are objects that can be brought, but not essential to live on, such as a mobile phone.

Income

Economical factor - Money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments.

Poverty

Economical factor - The state of being poor

Pollution

Environmental factor - Release of harmful materials into the environment.

Air pollution

Environmental factor- The contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources.

Noise pollution

Environmental factor - Any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.

Rural

Environmental factor - Relating to farm areas and life in the country.

Urban

Environmental factor - living in, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town.

Self-esteem

Social, emotional and cultural factor - How much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself

Social, emotional and cultural factors effecting health and wellbeing.

Social interactions: supportive/unsupportive relationships, social integration or social isolation

Stress

Willingness to seek help or access services

Physical and lifestyle factors affecting health and wellbeing.

Genetic Inheritance

Ill Health

Diet

Amount of exercise

Substance abuse: alcohol, nicotine, illegal drugs, misuse of prescription drugs.

Personal Hygiene

Environmental factors effecting health and wellbeing.

Conditions, level of pollution, noise, type of house; conditions, location.

Risks of a poor diet.

Current: stomach cramps, lack of energy, headaches, mood swings.

Future: obesity, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart failure, breathing problems due to stress on internal organs, high blood pressure, strokes.

Risks of accessive alcohol consumption.

Current: weight gain, headaches, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, coronary heart disease.

Future: high blood pressure, liver damage, kidney failure, strokes, increased risk of cancer

Risks of lack of exercise.

Current: poor fitness levels, breathing difficulties, poor strength, high blood pressure.

Future: arthritis, obesity, , strokes, heart failure.

Risks of high BMI (obesity, extremely obese)

Current: difficulty with daily activities, breathlessness, tiredness, joint and back pain, high blood pressure.

Future: Type 2 Diabetes, asthma, high risk of cancer, liver/kidney disease.

Risks of high blood pressure.

Current:

Headaches, fatigue, confusion, chest pain, breathing difficulties.

Future: if untreated - stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, heart attack.

Risks of low peak flow.

Current: chest infections, breathlessness, wheezing, coughing, not being able to exercise.

Future: Asthma, lung problems, lung cancer, could mean undetected cystic fibrosis.

Risks of high (above 100) resting heart rate)

Current: chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath.

Future: if untreated you have a higher risk of heart attack and death.

Recommended action

What is the end goal?

Increase, decrease, improve.

SPECIFC

Specific to the individual's needs (lose weight, increase exercise)

MEASURABLE

must have a number in it e.g 7 Days, 2-3 lbs, 4 stone,3 months etc.

ACHIEVABLE

Individuals must be able to complete the targets So they don't lose motivation or focus.

REALISTIC

Using facts and good sense to evaluate people or situations resembling real life.

TIME RELATED

How long you want them to complete the target in. Short term 0-6 months, Long Term 6 months +

Short term target

0-6 months

Long term target

6 months +

Emotional (obstacles / barriers)

Lack of motivation, low self esteem, denial.

Time constraints (obstacles / barriers)

Work or family commitments.

Availability of resources (obstacles / barriers)

No money, physical equipment needed i.e wheelchair etc, transport.

Lack of support (obstacles / barriers)

From family, friends and professionals.

Physical health (obstacles/barriers)

Disability, chronic illnesses/disease

Barriers to access

Location, anxiety or fears