History unit 4

test on Tuesday Nov 19

Thomas Jefferson

.First “peaceful transition of power”

.He was the third president, and the third Democratic-Repulican to win the office. Believed in small government, supported farmer

Lewis and Clark

.Explorers who Jefferson sent to explore the Louisiana Territory in 1804

.They were searching for a water route to the Pacific Ocean

The benefits of Louisiana Purchase

.Geographic: it’s double the size of the U.S., give the U.S. complete control of the Mississippi, and the New Orleans

.Economic: more land to settle and farm, better trade, and more natural resources

Nationalism

.Feeling of extreme patriotism and pride in one’s nation; something marked by a feeling of superiority over other nations.

Sectionalism

.Placing regional or state interests over national interests.

War of 1812

.To expand territory, the Star-Spangled Banner, one major political party, increased respect for the U.S. around the world

.Strengthened manufacturing and military: war interrupted trade, and no help from France this time

Monroe Doctrine

.The U.S. controls the whole western hemisphere, and tells Europe to stay out “America for Americans”

Missouri Compromise

.Missouri enters the Union as a state that allows slavery, Maine enters the Union as a free state

.Slavery is prohibited north of the 36’30” line

. Actually diving the country in 2

Andrew Jackson

.President who promoted Indian removal and wanted strong executive powers

Market Revolution

.Massive advances in transportation and technology => commerce/trade and moving people became easier

.Consumers had access to new goods from around the world

Impact of Canals, Steamboats, and Railroads

easier, cheaper, safer to move good and people all over the country

Impact of the cotton gin

invented to decrease demand for enslaved people, but makes it easier and faster to separate cotton fibers, increasing demand for labor and land

Impact on Immigration/ city laborers

Irish and German immigrant (catholic), stereotypes about drinking

Impact on Urbanization

.People moving to cities

.Problems including: lack of housing, “good” jobs, food, resources and over crowding

Secede/secession

To formally leave, separate from the union

Frederick Douglas

Born into slavery, he taught himself to read and write, eventually freeing himself. He became a prominent abolitionist speaker, writer, and supporter of woman’s right

Nullification Crisis

Calhoun + S.C don’t like the tariffs, so they say they won’t follow federal law

=> Jackson threatens Calhoun, and strengthen his executive power

States’s Rights

The belief that states get to make their own decisions, even if they disagree with the national government

=> Jackson strengthens the president’s power and forces states to comply

Abolition

The desire to abolish legal slavery

Indian Removal Act

Giving the president power to negotiate removal treaties with Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi

Trail of Tears

Thousands of Native Americans died during this journey, it has made because the government had forced them out of their land

Nat Turner

In 1831, Turner organized about 70 enslaved people and murdered about 75 men, women, and children. They were captured and hanged. The south responded by increasing slave patrols and tightening their ever more repressive slave codes

Denmark Vesey

He has a plan to murder every white in the South, his plan was revealed and he was captured, tried and hanged, estimated 9000 individuals were involved

Abolition movement

It was filled with people who used/ opposed violence, supported/ opposed women’s right, wrote, spoke and read about the evil of slavery

Manifest Destiny

Attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the U.S. not only could, but was destined to, stretch coast to coast

It help drive western settlement, Novice American removal and war with Mexico

Nativism

A dislike for anyone or anything that’s “foreign

Fifty-four forty or Fight

President Polk’s plan was to claim Oregon territory and go to war over the entire territory

Mexican American war

.The US baited Mexico into a war over Texas/ the border

.The US wins the 2 years war expanding control of their territory

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The US gains control of Texas, California, Utah territory, and New Mexico territories