Hist202 Exam 3 (Dr. Anderson)

What are the elements of liberal democratic capitalism?

-Constitution
-Free election
-rule of law
-individualism
-political and civil rights

Describe the economy of liberal democratic capitalism.

mixed economy, free market capitalism with government intervention and regulation

Who were the USA's anti-liberal opponents during World War II? What elements did these anti-liberal opponents share?

Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan

They were militaristic, racist, nationalistic, expansionistic
Both sought to dominate Europe and southeast Asia

How did the USA win World War II?

Firebombed cities killing civilians such as innocent women, children, babies, elderly and demanded total surrender

Which nation was the USA's primary anti-liberal rival during the Cold War? How did the USA's leaders and much of its population view this rival at the outset of the Cold War?

The USSR. They were the other "superpower", and they were powerful and ruthless. They viewed them as being bent on global domination.

What was goal of the USA's "containment" approach to its anti-liberal rival during the Cold War?

USA's approach to USSR: "containment" avoid a "hot war" with USSR bc it would be worse than WWII

but both sides fight "proxy wars" (a war instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved.)

What were the USA's foreign policy strategies during the Cold War?

USA allies with former anti-liberal enemies Germany and Japan. (now liberal)

NATO and Marshall Plan in Europe as bulwark (defensive wall) against USSR

SEATO and promote economic recovery throughout the pacific rim

What elements contributed to the end of the Cold War?

USA allies with dictators who are anticommunist and provides them with military and economic aid. helps overthrow elected leaders who ally with USSR

USSR economy inefficient

Soviet leaders attempt reform but collapses and then disintegrates into independent nations

USA emerges as sole superpower

Name the ways that white supremacy and its racial caste system were part of American institutions, particularly in the southern states. How did white supremacists in the South uphold the racial caste system?

American Caste System
-Any white citizen by birth possess more rights and privileges than any black citizen (more ambiguous for other ethnic groups)
-government policy defended caste system; white racial solidarity violence/terrorism

What was "disenfranchisement" and how was it accomplished in the South during the Jim Crow Era?

It is when you strip a group of their political power.

It was accomplished with poll taxes, literacy tests, violence, grandfather clause (poor whites vote if relatives did)

Explain Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Segregation by race becomes legal. There was a "Separate but Equal" clause, but the equality was a myth.

How did black southerners respond or resist to Jim Crow? What was the Great Migration?

-great migration
-put up with "community building"
-get help at federal courts to resist

the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West. They were escaping harsh segregation laws and poor economic conditions. They sought industrial jobs in the North.
**Rural people became urban**

What was the NAACP's legal defense strategy? What was the importance of the 1954 Brown decision?

-changing times
-premium on democracy and freedom

Brown decision: overturns Plessy v Ferguson. est that segregation in public schools = unconstitutional

What was "massive resistance"?

Southern states refused to integrate schools and did everything in their power to stop it.

What was "direct action" protest? Explain its context, goals, and tactics. What were the main examples of direct action?

-challenged federal governments to uphold court's civil rights rulings
-create disruption and disorder, use media to show it causing direct action by federal government

How and why were white southerners divided during the civil rights movement?

-split between segregationist and the jim crow and the sun belt moderates
-some wanted segregation some did not

Identify the main elements of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act.

Civil Rights Act of 1964: outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act (1965):
-Prohibits racial discrimination in voting
-Strengthens 15th amendment
-Sends federal examiners to register voters in the south and stop any voting test or tax

How did the civil rights movement split into two directions by 1965? What were the limits and achievements of the civil rights movement?

2 directions: frustration and realization

Limits: race and poverty, structural poverty

Achievements: broadening of black middle class, increasing education and job opportunities, increased life expectancy, end legal white supremacy, transformed democracy, model for other groups

Explain the three main elements of the post-World War II liberal consensus.

Vital center
-Pragmatic, acceptance of the new deal

Anti communism
-Liberal and right wing mccarthyism or red scare or paranoid style

Free enterprise
-Government support of economy

What was McCarthyism?

the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence

How did the federal government promote economic growth during the period of the liberal consensus?

-GI Bill
-Modern University System
-Interstate Highway System

What was the Great Society? What were the challenges to Great Society liberalism? What were the issues in the 1968 U.S. Presidential election?

The Great Society: a set of domestic programs launched by LBJ (D).
Main goal = eliminate poverty and racial injustice.

The challenges to Great Society liberalism were the New Right, the yaf, and sunbelt anti liberalism

issues: the assassination of MLK and race riots, assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, demonstrations against the Vietnam War across college campuses, and violence between police and anti-war protesters

What was the message in the 1970 hit song "War"? What were the legacies of the Vietnam War?

War is pointless, you're signing up to die

legacies:
-end of military draft
-18 year old vote
-anti war sentiment

What was Watergate and how did it contribute to growing cynicism about American government?

-list of all Nixon did wrong and political scandal that occurred in the United States during 1972 to 1974

-government could no longer be trusted

What was the Reagan coalition? Who were the "New Democrats"? What was the Gingrich Revolution?

Reagan Coalition: combination of voters Reagan assembled to produce political realignment with his electoral landslide in the 1980 election.

New Democrats: a moderate ideological faction within the Democratic Party

Gingrich Revolution: Republican Party success in the 1994 midterm elections

How did the New Right conservative movement build its political and cultural power? What dilemma did New Right conservatism face by 2006 and certainly by the Great Recession of 2008?

The New Right created its own media and funding infrastructure: talk radio, television, books, and "think tanks"

It became the new elite responsible for national politics

What were the main issues that President Barack Obama encountered? What is the "Tea Party"? What split in the USA was revealed by the 2016 US Presidential election?

Sarah palin and the tea party? idk

Tea Party = populist branch of conservative Republicans.

split between so called outsiders (trump, sanders) vs. establishment (rubio, brush, cruz, clinton)

What larger economic and cultural forces contributed to the rise of the modern feminist movement?

-civil rights, reproduction rights, more women are working and educated

What was the cultural significance of Loretta Lynn's 1975 country song, "The Pill"? What was Roe v. Wade?

Even conservatives accepted it.

Roe V. Wade = legal abortion in first two trimesters of pregnancy

What were the successes and the failures of the "traditional" backlash against the feminist movement?

successes: stops equal rights amendment that would prevent sex discrimination. demonizes term feminist

failed to halt larger forces

What do projections say about the racial and ethnic makeup of the American population? What is the fastest growing religious group among young Americans?

"majority" is coming to an end

rising of the "nones"

What has been the recent fate of same-sex marriage? What evidence is there that same-sex marriage will continue to remain the law of the land?

Legal in all 50 states.
Decline in traditional gender roles - rise of LGBTQ

What was the "Great Compression"? Briefly describe the U.S. economy in
a) the post-World War II years;
b) the 1970s and 1980s;
c) 1990s-2007;
d) 2008-present

a) economic boom
b) recession-recovery years
c) another boom
d) the great recession

What were the reasons for the 2008 "Great Recession"? Why was it so severe?

stock market crash
-8.8M jobs lost
-more than previous 4 recessions combined

What steps did the U.S. government take in the wake of the Great Recession?

-Bush T.A.R.P bailout
-bush-obama auto industry bailout
-stimulus bill
-unemployment slowly stabilized

What are the reasons for pessimism and optimism about the current economy?

pessimism: old infrastructure, high debt levels, energy/climate crisis, foreign competitors

optimism: new opportunity to modernize, new frugality, new technologies, new trading partners-markets

Briefly explain the phrases "The End of History" and "The Clash of Civilizations".

supposes that a particular system may develop that would cause the end of humanity's evolution and the final form of human government

hypothesis that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world

Explain the formation of al-Qaeda and its attacks on the USA? What has been the recent fate of al-Qaeda? What was the Bush's Administration's response to the 9/11 al-Qaeda airplane piracy attacks?

-fatwa vs usa
-accuse usa of plundering, humiliating, and terrorizing muslims
-called US worst civilization because we separate religion from politics
-recently: weakened steadily by killing bin laden

What are the signs that Western nations may be refuting liberalism?

?