JMC 030 — Quiz 1

Intrapersonal Communication

Intrapersonal Communication

communication w/ oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking (triggered by internal or external stimulus)

Interpersonal Communication

communication between people whose lives influence one another (influenced by social expectations)

Group Communication

communication among 3+ people interacting to achieve a goal (more task-focused and more complex)

Public Communication

a sender-focused form of communication in which one person is responsible for communicating something to an audience (most formal & intentional, often uncomfortable)

Mass Communication

communication that is transmitted to many people via prints or electronic media (sometimes formal & intentional, but sometimes not)

Transmission Model of Communication

a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver (can be interrupted by noise)

Semantic Noise

receiver doesn’t understand meaning of the message

Mechanical Noise

Channel has trouble transmitting message

Environmental Noise

Action and sounds surrounding the receiver interfere

Ritual Model of Communication

cares less about the message of the communication and more behind the reasoning behind engagement; media engagements act as a “ritual” that give meaning to our relationships and lives (media organizes our time and space)

Publicity Model of Communication

what matters is how the media can publicize events and make things seem important; since the media is covering something, the public views it as important

Reception Model of Communication

what matters in the conveying of info (encoding & decoding)

Encoding

the sender’s act of encrypting the message

Decoding

the receiver’s interpretation of the message

What are the four dimensions of media literacy?

cognitive, emotional, aesthetic, moral

Cognitive Media Literacy

the ability to intellectually process information communicated by the media (words on a printed page, ominous music in a film, understanding location based off of exterior scenes)

Emotional Media Literacy

covers the feelings created by media messages (news reports of soldier returning home, reacting to a scary movie)

Aesthetic Media Literacy

interpreting media content from an artistic or critical POV

Moral Media Literacy

examining the values of the medium or the message (good guys win, murderers go to jail, cheaters never win)

The Global Village

concept that the world functions as a community because distance and isolation have been dramatically reduced by electronic media (optimistic view of the world)

Cultural Imperialism

the culture of a powerful civilization heavily influences that of a weaker civilization (pessimistic view of the world)

Powerful Effects Model

media can directly affect people’s actions and beliefs without them even realizing it — “hypodermic needles”

Limited Effects Model

people who have different experiences react to media in different ways

Payne Fund Studies

movies influence children’s attitudes and behaviors

Message Effects

looks at media content & considers their possible effects on people

Behavioral Effects

media content can influence buying a product, making a phone call, voting for a candidate

Attitudinal Effects

changes in feelings about a product, an individual, or an idea based on media content

Psychological Effects

when media inspires emotions such as joy, fear, anger, arousal, etc.

Medium Effects

the importance of the medium used to transmit messages

Ownership Effects

the owners of media control what ideas and topics the population receives

Active Audience Effects

people decode messages differently (based on geographic, demographic, and psychographic identities)

Two-Step Flow

mass media is filtered through “opinion leaders” before sharing with the public audience

Social Learning Theory

we learn through other people’s experiences

Uses & Gratification Theory

people choose the media they consume based on their own desires

Agenda Setting Theory

issues that are portrayed as important in the news become important to the public

Cultivation Analysis Theory

heavy television use cultivates a view of the world that is sharply at odds with reality

Mean World Syndrome

those who watch violent television see the world as more violent

Critical / Cultural Theory

how different groups critique media (decoding)

Social Imaginaries

our imagined beliefs about the ways people fit together with others (putting people into boxes w/ stereotypes)

Media Theory

media is an industry which involves various money-making types

The Audience Commodity

media attracts audiences using free things to gather them for advertising purposes (YOU are the product being brought and sold to advertisers)

Historically, most US media was owned by _______

individuals and families (John D. Rockefeller)

US media is not owned or controlled by the government (T/F)

True

Consolidation

process of a few large corporations taking control of many smaller companies owned by families or individuals

The Long Tail

a portion of a distribution curve where a limited number of people are interested in buying a lot of different products (most niche products)

The Short Head

a portion of a distribution curve where a large number of people are interested in buying a limited number of products (most popular products)

Global Media Flows

how media products move throughout the world (legal & illegal products)

Globalization

the increasing connectedness and interdependence on world cultures and economies

Cultural Imperialism

the culture of a powerful civilization heavily influences that of a weaker civilization

Globalization vs. Cultural Imperialism

G = increasing connectedness between countries

CI = culture overtakes culture

Media Experience: Canada / UK / Western Europe

Content quotas limit foreign programming; currently shifting from public to private funding; press is often freer than press in America

Media Experience: Russia / Eastern Europe

media is censored for fears of government retaliation, it’s dangerous to question the government

Media Experience: Central / Latin America

media is often independent from the government (ease of flow vs of common languages between countries); dangerous for journalists due to organized crime

Media Experience: Islamic Countries / Middle East

mix of national, regional, and “small” media; heavy reliance on mobile for internet

Media Experience: Africa

radio and mobile are important media; issues of language

Media Experience: Asia

hosts many powerhouses of production and distribution (K-Pop, Bollywood, Anime); very large media markets in China and India