Child Labour

What was the initial demand during the Industrial Revolution?

High demand for labor due to industrialization.

Why did families migrate to industrial cities?

To find work and survive in poverty.

What led to the rise in child labor?

Every family member had to work to survive.

How did children in factories work?

Overworked, underpaid, and often in dangerous conditions.

What were the typical working hours for children?

12

What age could children start working during the Industrial Revolution?

As young as six years old.

What was the common pay for children working in factories?

Only a fraction of adult wages; sometimes nothing at all.

What justification did factory owners use for not paying orphans?

They claimed to provide food, shelter, and clothing.

How much did boys typically earn per day?

3 to 4 pence a day.

What was a common punishment for children in factories?

Being 'weighted' with a heavy object around their neck.

What was the consequence of weighting as a punishment?

Could lead to serious injuries in the back and neck.

What did Lewis Hine and Jacob Riis document?

The conditions of child labor during the Industrial Revolution.

What was the height of a spinner in Whitnel Cotton Mill?

51 inches high.

How long had the spinner been working?

One year.

What was the age of Furman Owens?

12 years old.

What did Furman Owens struggle with?

He couldn't read or learn due to working all the time.

What hours did the young driver in the mine work?

7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily.

What type of work did the young cigar makers do?

They were employed in busy times, many under 14 years old.

What were the oyster shuckers working in?

A canning factory.

What time did the smallest babies begin work?

3:30 a.m.

What time was the expected end of work for the smallest babies?

5 p.m.

What did the mother say about her daughter working?

She is 'a real help to me.'

How old is Manuel, the young shrimp picker?

5 years old

What does Manuel understand?

Not a word of English

How long has Norris Luvitt been picking in berry fields?

3 years

What is Joseph Severio's occupation?

Peanut vendor

How old is Joseph Severio?

11 years old

How long has Joseph been pushing a cart?

2 years

When was Joseph out after midnight?

May 21, 1910

How many hours does Joseph ordinarily work per day?

6 hours

Who receives all of Joseph's earnings?

His father