Genetics and Mendellian Inheritance

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11 Terms

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Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or trait.

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Allele

A version of a gene (e.g., dominant A or recessive a).

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Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).

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Phenotype

Observable traits of an organism.

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Homozygous

Two identical alleles for a gene (AA or aa).

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Heterozygous

Two different alleles for a gene (Aa).

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Monohybrid Cross

Cross examining inheritance of a single trait.

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Dihybrid Cross

Cross examining inheritance of two traits; classic 9:3:3:1 ratio.

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Probability

Likelihood of a genotype or phenotype appearing.

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Law of Segregation

Alleles separate during gamete formation; each gamete gets one.

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Law of Independent Assortment

Genes on different chromosomes assort into gametes independently.