exam 2 A&P

Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system?

tendons

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the

external callus.

________ accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone.

Calcium phosphate

A ________ is a rounded passageway for the passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.

foramen

Excessive growth hormone after puberty could result in

acromegaly.

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

both the roof of the skull and the clavicle

Which of the following is not a characteristic of compact bone?

It is the site of hematopoiesis.

The central canal of an osteon contains

blood vessels

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a ________ fracture.

Colles

________ free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels.

Osteoclasts

Which bone is NOT formed via intramembranous ossification?

femur

Secondary ossification centers occur in

the epiphyses.

What structure allows a bone to grow in length?

epiphyseal cartilage

How does calcitonin act to lower blood calcium?

Decreases osteoclast breakdown of bone matrix, decreases calcitriol production, decreases intestinal absorption, and increases renal excretion

A rounded hole through a bone is termed a

foramen.

In a ________ fracture, one side of the shaft is split, and the other side is bent.

greenstick

A shallow depression on a bone is termed a

fossa.

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone.

ossification

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

osteons.

________ are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Osteogenic cells

Damage to a bone because of extreme load, sudden impact, or stresses applied from an unusual direction is called a

fracture.

________ bone does not contain capillaries but receives nutrients through its canaliculi.

Spongy

All of the following are part of the inflammation response except

production of the collagenous framework.

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces of the body?

connective

The three types of connective tissue include

connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective.

Which membranes line cavities that communicate with the body's exterior?

mucous

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except

areolar connective tissue.

Gap junctions can be found in all of the following tissues except

skeletal muscle.

The watery fluid component of blood is called

plasma.

The epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by

a basal lamina.

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is ________ tissue.

epithelial

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

perichondrium.

Describe the two primary types of glands.

Endocrine glands release their substances into the interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts that open onto an epithelial surface.

The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ________ epithelium.

simple squamous

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.

Tendons; ligaments

What is the most common type of cells in the subcutaneous layer?

adipocytes

The two components of the integumentary system are the

cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.

If the epidermis, dermis, and part of the hypodermis are burned, it is classified as

full thickness.

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the

:stratum basale.

Rickets can be prevented by

Adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol are needed.

Identify the five layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep)

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Describe a typical strand of hair.

A keratinous strand produced by basal cells within a hair follicle.

________ glands produce perspiration.

:merocrine sweat

A thickened area of scar tissue covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called.

a Keliod

Which layer contains most of the accessory organs?

3

All of the following are functions of accessory structures of integument except

production of skin pigments.

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except

the epidermis.

Insensible perspiration takes place in the

stratum corneum.

Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of

loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.

Distinguish among a first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burn.

A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis and the dermis and extends into the subcutaneous layer.

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis, except that it

is vascularized.