Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

Nucleic acids

________ are molecules that are made up of simple units called nucleotides.

Cholesterol

________ is a four- ringed molecule that is found in membranes.

Carbohydrates

________ are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Haemoglobin

________ is a molecule in the blood that helps distribute oxygen to the tissues in the body.

Hydrolysis

________ is when polymers can also be broken down into monomers.

monosaccharides

Most carbohydrates are categorised as either ________, disaccharides, or polysaccharides.

DNA

________ contains the hereditary "blueprints "of all life.

Monomers

________ are the individual building blocks of a polymer.

concentration of hydrogen

The ________ ions in a solution will indicate whether it is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Electrons

________ are negatively charged-) (particles.

Reactions

________ are also influenced by whether the solution in which they occur is acidic, basic, or neutral.

RNA

________ is essential for protein synthesis.

Protons

________ are positively charged (+) particles.

energy source

It is a(n) ________ for cells.

Phospholipids

________ contain two fatty acid "tails "and one negatively charged phosphate "head.

water molecule

A(n) ________ is lost in the reaction, and a larger compound is formed.

carbon

They contain ________, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.

Polymers

________ are chains of building blocks in macromolecules.

Glucose

________ is an important part of the food we eat, and it is the product made by plants during photosynthesis.

Amino acids

________ are building blocks of proteins.

Side chain polarity

________ affects whether an amino acid is more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic.

Polysaccharides

________ are made up of many repeated units of monosaccharides.

separate polypeptide chains

It is formed when four ________ interact with each other and is a quaternary structure.

lot of hydrogen

A solution is acidic if it contains a(n) ________ ions (H+)

oxygen

They contain carbon, hydrogen, ________, and nitrogen and phosphorus.

Neutrons

________ are uncharged particles.

Atoms

________ are the unit of life and are the building blocks of the physical world.

Glycogen

________ and starch are sugar storage molecules.

pH scale

The ________ is logarithmic and represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

alpha helix

When the polypeptide begins to twist it begins forming either a coil (known as a(n) ________) or zigzagging pattern (known as beta- pleated sheets)

fatty acid

A(n) ________ can be saturated with hydrogens along its long carbon chain or it cant be unsaturated.

different polypeptide chains

When ________ sometimes interact with each other, they form a quaternary structure.

polypeptide chain twists

Once a(n) ________ and folds on itself, it forms a 3D structure called a protein.

disaccharide

The ________ formed from two glucose molecules is maltose.

group of amino acids

If a(n) ________ is joined together in a "string, "the resulting organic compound is called a polypeptide.

fatty acid chains

Each triglyceride is made of a glycerol molecule (also called the glycerol backbone) with three ________ attached to it.

same number of protons

Some atoms have the ________ but differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Proteins

________ are important for structure, function, and regulation of your tissues and organs.

Lipids

________ are important due to their non- polar structures, they function as structural components of cell membranes, sources of insulation, signalling molecules, and a means of energy storage.

acidity

The ________ or alkalinity of a solution can be measured using a pH scale.

membrane fluidity

It generally increases ________, except at very high temperatures.

fatty acid chain

A(n) ________ is covered in hydrogen.

covalent bond

A(n) ________ is formed when electrons are shared between atoms.

Molecules

________ with carbon are organic molecules and ________ that do not contain carbon atoms are called inorganic compounds.

cohesion of water molecules

The ________ contributes to another property of water known as surface tension.

monosaccharides

When two ________ are joined, the bond is called a glycosidic linkage, and the resulting sugar is called a disaccharide.

Phospholipids

________ are important because of some unique properties they possess, regards to water.

Water molecules

________ have a strong tendency to stick together.

Glucose

________ and fructose can be depicted as either "straight "or "rings ..

Elements

are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

To break up the disaccharide and form two monosaccharides

Just add water

Need to know for the test

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

The AP Exam divides them into 3 broad categories

hydrophobic (non-polar and uncharged), hydrophilic (polar and uncharged), and ionic (polar and charged)

Two contain the atom sulphur

methionine and cysteine

Lipid Saturation

The extent of saturation in a lipid can affect its structure and function