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What is the function(s) of Lipids?
energy storage, insulation, and creating bi-layers of the cell membrane
What is unique about lipids?
Lipids are insoluble in water, or hydrophobic; Lipids are not polymers made from monomers
Types of Lipids
fats, phospholipids, & steroids (cholesterol)
What is fat composed of?
glycerol molecule + 3 fatty acids
What bonds do fatty acids and glycerol make?
ester linkage
What is a fat molecule called?
triglyceride
What is a fatty acid?
a hydrocarbon chain
Which is healthier: unsaturated fatty acids or saturated fatty acids
unsaturated (with polyunsaturated being the healthiest)
How is trans-fat created?
by hydrogenating (add hydrogen) unsaturated fats; note trans-fat is very unhealthy
What can a diet of saturated fats risk?
cardiovascular disease
What are anabolic steroids?
synthetic variant of testosterone used to build muscle and bone mass; can cause mood swings, liver damage, and even cancer
What are the functions of proteins?
catalysts, transportation, defense, signaling, receptor, constructive, structural, and storage
Types of proteins structures
globular and fibrous
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What are amino acids made from?
a carboxyl group, amino group, central carbon, hydrogen, and side chain (“R“ group)
The bond between amino acids
peptide bond
What is the polymer of amino acids
peptide (chain)
How are proteins digested?
They’re broken down by hydrolysis into amino acids with the help of enzymes, then the amino acids are restructured by dehydration synthesis into proteins the body can use
Where do you find hydrophobic amino acids in a protein?
the center
monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
What determines the sequences of amino acids?
inherited genes
What is the function of DNA
provides genetic info
What is the function of RNA?
synthesis (creation of) proteins
Where does RNA get its protein codes?
DNA
What bases do nucleotides use?
adenine; thymine; cytosine; guanine; uracil
How do RNA and DNA differ in their nucleotide bases?
DNA uses thymine while RNA uses uracil (both use adenine, thymine, & cytosine)
a nucleotide polymer
polynucleotide
Where is RNA and DNA found?
DNA: nucleus RNA: throughout the cell
What sugars do DNA and RNA use?
DNA: Deoxyribose RNA: Ribose
Note 
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