Bio Genetics

Phenotype

The physical characteristic or trait shown (e.g., Blue Eyes)

Genotype

Genes in homologous pairs (alleles)

F1 Gen

First gen of offspring from a cross

Multiple Alleles

Three or more versions of an allele for a single trait (e.g., ABO blood types)

Codominance

Both alleles are expressed (e.g., BW results in both Black and White, like stripes)

Incomplete Dominance

Blending between two traits (e.g., Red x White = Pink)

Sex-linked

Inheritance involving the X and Y chromosomes

Recessive Sex-linked Disorders

More common in males because they only have one X chromosome, so one recessive allele will result in the disorder

Monohybrid Cross

A cross between two parents for one trait (e.g., Aa x AA)

Dihybrid Cross

A cross parents for two traits (e.g., AaBb x AaBb)

Meiosis I

2n=46 (Diploid) to n=23 (Haploid)

Meiosis II

Division of the haploid cells (n=23)

Law of Independent Assortment

Genes on different chromosomes are inherited separately

Law of Segregation

Alleles are separated and passed to different gametes

Random Fertilization

The random joining of a sperm and an egg to form a Zygote

Zygote

A fertilized egg; 2n=46 (Diploid)