Eukaryotes

Lysosomes

digests macromolecules- clean up crew

Mitochondria

cell respiration-> ATP

Chloraplast

organelle responsible for photosynthesis

Cell membrane

a protective barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Microtubules

25mm move chromosomes around-provide structural support, guide intracellular transport by acting as tracks for moving components, and are essential

Flagellum

(9+2) a whip-like structure that enables cell movement and locomotion.

Rough ER

makes protein

Smooth ER

makes lipids and detoxification

Golgi body

Tag, package, and transport protein

Microfilaments

12nm - part of cytoskeleton-provide structural support, maintain cell shape, and enable cell movement by contracting and interacting with other proteins

Centrosome

main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), responsible for initiating the formation of microtubules, which are vital components of the cytoskeleton and the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division

Peroxisomes

breaks fatty acids, H2O2 -> H2O + O2

Plasmodesmata

(plant cells) plumbing -> H2O nutrient-channels that connect plant cells, allowing them to share molecules and communicate directly

Centrioles

organizing microtubules-cell replication

Integral protein

movement, replication, makes atp-proteins that are permanently embedded within the cell membrane

Collagen

strong fibers- strength and communication

Desmosome

rivets cells (animal)

Proteoglycan complex

sugar protein communication-a molecule formed by a core protein with one or more long, unbranched carbohydrate chains called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached to it. 

Nucleus

the cell's control center, housing and protecting the cell's DNA (genetic material) and regulating cell activities like growth and metabolism

Gap junctions

plumbing (ions, h2o, ect) e electrical coupling, chemical signaling, and the coordination of cellular processes across a tissue. 

Central vacuole

storage- breaks down waste storing water and ions, which keeps the cell firm and the plant upright

Cytoskeleton

include maintaining cell shape and providing structural support, facilitating cell movement, enabling intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles, and playing a crucial role in cell division by separating chromosomes (microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers)

Nucleolus

makes ribosomes 

Chromatin

DNA-> blueprint for proteins- to package DNA into a compact structure, allowing it to fit within the nucleus while also regulating gene expression and facilitating processes like DNA replication and cell division

Nuclear membrane

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Intermediate fibers

cell shape and structure

Tonoplast

membrane for center vacuole- to regulate the passage of water, ions, and other molecules into and out of the vacuole

Vesicles

transport materials- transporting materials, secreting substances, and digesting cellular waste

Cilla

( 9 +  2 )- motility and sensory signaling

Pseudopoda

false foot- locomotion and food ingestion

Tight junctions

stop leakage- include restricting the passage of substances, such as toxins, while allowing essential nutrients to pass through, supporting overall tissue homeostasis and preventing microbial invasion

Desmosomes

rivet attach cells

Fibronectin

attach microfilaments-by helping cells stick to each other and the extracellular matrix (ECM)

Phospholipid membrane

barrier- limits what comes in and out