us history eoc

What was a major transformation of the United States during the late 19th century?

The U.S. transformed into a major industrial power with the rise of corporations, advancements in transportation and communication, and a growing industrial workforce.

What resulted from the rapid urbanization in the U.S. during the late 19th century?

Rapid growth of cities as people migrated from rural areas and foreign countries, leading to infrastructure and housing challenges.

How did immigration impact the workforce in the U.S. during the late 19th century?

A large influx of immigrants contributed to the growth of the workforce and shaped the cultural landscape.

What significant social changes occurred during the period following industrialization?

Changes in social norms included women entering the workforce and the emergence of labor movements.

What were the technological advancements that propelled industrialization and urbanization?

Innovations in transportation and communication.

What was the Progressive Era?

A period marked by reform movements aimed at addressing social and economic inequalities.

What marked economic growth during the Roaring Twenties?

Significant economic growth and technological advancements.

What triggered the Great Depression from 1929 to 1939?

The stock market crash led to a severe economic downturn, widespread unemployment, and hardship.

What were the key elements of the New Deal?

Policies aimed at addressing the economic crisis and providing relief, recovery, and reform.

What was the significance of the U.S. entry into World War I?

It marked a turning point, leading to increased U.S. confidence in military and political influence.

What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War in 1898?

U.S. control of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and increased influence over Cuba.

What was the goal of the Monroe Doctrine?

To declare that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization or intervention.

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A policy to provide political, military, and economic assistance to democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces.

What did the Marshall Plan aim to achieve?

It provided substantial economic aid to Western European nations post-World War II.

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A mutual defense treaty established in 1955 by the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc nations in response to NATO.

What did Gideon v. Wainwright establish?

The Sixth Amendment's right to counsel applies to state criminal trials through the Fourteenth Amendment.

What does the 13th Amendment address?

It abolished slavery.

What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?

It provides citizenship.

What voting rights were established by the 15th Amendment?

Voting rights to African American men.

Who improved the steam engine for better efficiency?

James Watt.

What did George Stephenson develop?

The steam locomotive.

What was Lewis Latimer known for?

Improving the carbon filament for the incandescent light bulb.

What major invention did Jan Ernst Matzeliger create?

The shoe lasting machine.

What did Sarah Goode invent?

A folding bed and desk combination.

What contributions did Granville T. Woods make?

Significant contributions to telegraph and railroad industries.

What did Margaret E. Knight invent?

A paper bag machine that revolutionized the packaging industry.

What was Josephine Cochrane's significant invention?

The mechanical dishwasher.

What issues divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era?

The status of Southern states, the rights of freedmen, and presidential vs. congressional power.

How did the economic boom in the Roaring Twenties affect consumers and businesses?

Consumers embraced consumerism, and businesses adopted new technologies and organizational structures, leading to more efficient manufacturing.

What was the primary rationale for the formation of the United Nations?

To prevent future world wars and promote international cooperation.

What did the Neutrality Act aim to do?

Prevent the U.S. from becoming involved in European conflicts.

What impact did World War II have on domestic government policy?

Mobilization, conversion incentives, and rationing.

What were the Neutrality Acts' purpose during World War II?

To ban shipment of military material to prevent involvement in war.

What was the Cash and Carry policy during World War II?

Non-military goods had to be paid for in cash and taken immediately.

What did the Lend Lease Act provide?

Military aid to foreign countries during World War II.

What was the Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case significant for?

It effectively ended race-conscious affirmative action in higher education.

What were the motivations behind the completion of the Panama Canal?

Economic, military, and security interests, along with geographic challenges.

What was NATO's purpose when formed?

To counter the perceived threat of Soviet expansionism and promote collective security.

How is communism defined?

A stateless, classless society where property is owned communally and resources are distributed based on need.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles?

It formally ended World War I and imposed harsh terms on Germany.

What impact did the Interstate Highway System have on suburbanization?

It accelerated suburbanization and contributed to urban decay.

How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to World War II?

By imposing harsh terms on Germany, it fueled resentment and instability, paving the way for extremist ideologies.

How did the New Deal change the role of the federal government?

It shifted the approach to greater economic and social intervention in American life.