us history eoc

Industrialization and Economic Growth:

The late 19th century saw the US transform into a major industrial power, with the rise of corporations, advancements in transportation and communication, and a growing industrial workforce.

Urbanization:

Cities grew rapidly as people migrated from rural areas and from foreign countries, leading to the development of suburbs and challenges in providing infrastructure and housing.

Immigration:

A large influx of immigrants from various countries contributed to the growth of the workforce and shaped the cultural landscape of the US.

Social Changes:

This period also saw changes in social norms, with women entering the workforce and the emergence of labor movements.

Technological Advancements:

Innovations in transportation, communication, and other fields further propelled industrialization and urbanization.

Political and Social Reform Movements:

The Progressive Era saw the rise of reform movements aimed at addressing social and economic inequalities, including efforts to improve working conditions, regulate industries, and expand the rights of workers and immigrants.

Roaring Twenties:

The 1920s witnessed significant economic growth and technological advancements.

Great Depression (1929-1939):

The stock market crash triggered a severe economic downturn, leading to widespread unemployment and hardship.

New Deal (1933-1939):

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's policies aimed to address the economic crisis and provide relief, recovery, and reform.

World War I: The U.S. entry into World War I is often considered a turning point, as it led to a significant increase in U.S. confidence in its military and political influence, and its role in shaping post-war peace treaties,

Spanish-American War (1898):

This conflict led to U.S. control of Puerto Rico and the Philippines, as well as increased influence over Cuba.

World War I (1914-1918):

The U.S. initially remained neutral but eventually joined the war effort, significantly impacting the outcome and shaping post-war diplomacy.

Imperialism:

Debates arose over the U.S. expansion into overseas territories, with some supporting it as a form of uplift and reform, while others opposed it, according to the U.S. Department of State (gov).

Progressive Movement:

This era saw efforts to reform society and address social issues, often with an eye to both domestic and international reform.

Post-WWI Isolationism:

Following the war, a strong desire to return to prewar conditions led to a focus on domestic affairs and isolationist sentiments.

Post-Cold War Era:

The US has continued to play a leading role in international affairs, engaging in peacekeeping operations, supporting democracy movements, and responding to threats like terrorism

Diplomacy and International Cooperation:

The US has actively engaged in diplomacy to resolve conflicts and build consensus on international issues.

Military Alliances:

The US has formed alliances like NATO to deter aggression and ensure collective security. @

Economic Aid:

The US has provided economic assistance to nations in need, often as a way to promote stability and counter threats.

Military Intervention:

In some cases, the US has intervened militarily to address threats to international peace, such as in the Korean and Gulf Wars.

NATO

secure the freedom and security of its members through political and military means, promoting democratic values and fostering cooperation on defense and security issues

Monroe doctorine

was a US foreign policy statement declaring that the Western Hemisphere (North and South America) was no longer open to European colonization or intervention. It essentially warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of newly independent nations in Latin America and stated that any such interference would be considered a hostile act toward the US. 

Trueman doctorine:
the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces

Marshall plan

a U.S. program that provided substantial economic aid to Western European nations following World War II

Warsaw pact

a mutual defense treaty established in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc nations, primarily as a response to NATO's inclusion of West Germany.

Gideon V wain right

Supreme Court established that the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel applies to state criminal trials through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.

13th admendment- Abolish slavery

14th Admendment-citizenship

15 admendment-voting rights to African American men

James Watt: Improved the steam engine, making it more efficient and widely used. 

George Stephenson: Developed the steam locomotive, revolutionizing transportation. 

Lewis Latimer: Improved the carbon filament for the incandescent light bulb, a crucial component of the invention. 

Jan Ernst Matzeliger: Invented the shoe lasting machine, which significantly increased the efficiency of shoe production. 

Sarah Goode: Invented a folding bed and desk combination, a practical solution for small spaces. 

Granville T. Woods: Made significant contributions to the telegraph and railroad industries, including an improved telegraph system and a safety device for railroads. 

Margaret E. Knight: Invented a paper bag machine that revolutionized the packaging industry. 

Josephine Cochrane: Invented the mechanical dishwasher, which greatly simplified the process of washing dishes

Describe the Issues that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era.

The Status of the Southern States, the rights of freedman,presidential+ congressional power

Evaluate how the economic boom during the Roaring Twenties changed consumers, businesses, manufacturing, and marketing practices:

Consumers embraced consumerism, businesses adopted new technologies and organizational structures, and manufacturing became more efficient.

Describe the rationale for the formation of the United Nations, including the contribution of Mary McLeod Bethune:

formed with the primary rationale of preventing future world wars and promoting international cooperation.

The Floridian Mary McLeod Bethune was one out of three African American consultants on the US

delegation to devise the United Nations Charter.

Neutrality act:

to prevent the country from becoming involved in European conflicts

Explain the impact of World War II on domestic government policy:

There was mobilization, conversion incentives, and rationing.

Describe the Unites States' response in the early years of World War II (Neutrality Acts, Cash and Carry, Lend Lease Act).

The US tried to remain neutral while supplying weapons to Britain and France.

Neutrality Acts:

banned shipment of military material to other nations to prevent involvement in war.

The Cash and Carry policy requested that non-military goals were to be paid in cash and taken immediately.

The Lend Lease Act: provided US military aid to foreign countries.

segregation busing court case:

knownSwann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

case effectively ended race-conscious affirmative action in higher education-Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College and Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. University of North Carolina (2023) case effectively ended race-conscious affirmative action in higher education

Analyze the economic, military, and security motivations of the United States to complete the Panama Canal as well as maior obstacles involved in its construction:

geographic challenges like rugged terrain, diseases like yellow fever and malaria, and the unstable nature of the soil and rock in the cut

Why was nato formed?

to counter the perceived threat of Soviet expansionism and promote collective security in the North Atlantic area and communism

What is communism? stateless, classless society where property is owned communally, and resources are distributed based on need. It's characterized by the abolition of private property and the goal of creating a society where everyone shares the benefits of labor equally

The Treaty of Versailles

signed in 1919, formally ended World War I. It imposed harsh terms on Germany, including significant territorial losses, disarmament, and hefty reparations payments. The treaty also established the League of Nations. 

The Interstate Highway System, created by the Federal Highway Act of 1956,

it inadvertently accelerated suburbanization and contributed to urban decay.
Explain the ways the Treaty of Versailles created conditions that led to World War II,

By imposing harsh terms on Germany, the treaty fueled resentment and instability, ultimately paving the way for the rise of extremist ideologies and another global conflic

the New Deal fundamentally altered the role of the federal government in American life, shifting it from a primarily laissez-faire approach to one of greater economic and social intervention.