Pediatric PT - Week 4

Screening, atypical development

Name some medicines that are teratogens

Valproic acid (anti-seizure), tetracycline (treats infections), warfarin (aka Coumadin, anticoagulant)

What are the TORCH viruses?

Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, coxsackie, herpes

What are some maternal metabolic conditions that can be teratogens?

Autoimmune disorders, RH compatibility, diabetes mellitus, radiation, hyperthermia

What can genetics cause? Name some examples

Syndromes or degenerative disorders, e.g. Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy

What is intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)?

Mostly in pre-term babies; a stroke during delivery

What is periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)?

Mostly in pre-term babies; death of white matter due to lack of oxygen or blood flow

What is hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)?

Mostly in full or post-term babies; it occurs when the brain doesn’t get enough blood or oxygen

What is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Mostly in pre-term babies; a lack of surfactant in the lungs leads to difficulty breathing

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?

Can happen in a baby regardless of term; the result of a newborn's lungs not developing normally

What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?

Mostly in pre-term babies (<31 wks GA); abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina, stages 1-5 with G1 being minor and G5 being a detached retina

What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?

Mostly in premature babies; intestinal tissue dies

What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Mostly in premature babies; stomach acid flows back into the esophagus

What is meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)?

Mostly in post-term babies; fetal distress prior to delivery leads to inhalation of meconium. This increases risk of infection/poor feeding/respiratory compromise/pulmonary HTN, etc

What is jaundice?

It can affect babies of any gestational age; increased bilirubin in the blood days 2-4 due to the liver not being matured

What is NAS?

Neonatal abstinence syndrome, aka neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome

What is hip dysplasia?

When the acetabulum doesn't fully cover the femoral head

What is plagiocephaly?

When a baby’s head develops a flat spot

What is torticollis?

When a baby's neck muscles cause their head to twist and tilt to one side

What are some complications for pre-term babies?

NEC, GERD, ROP, IVH, PVL, decreased flexion

What are some complications for post-term babies?

MAS, HIE, increased flexion

What are some complications for babies, regardless of gestational age?

Jaundice, BPD, NAS, hip dysplasia, torticollis, plagiocephaly