Chemistry - solubility rules

Test for cations

1. Dip nichrome wire into HCL

2. Dip the nichrome wire in the sample

3. Place in a flame and observe colour

What is the test for Lithium and what is observed?

Flame test and a red flame is observed

What is the test for Sodium and what is observed?

Flame test and a yellow flame is observed

What is the test for Potassium and what is observed?

Flame test and a lilac flame is observed

What is the test for Calcium and what is observed?

Flame test and a red flame is observed

What is the test for Copper and what is observed?

Flame test and a green flame is obsessed

What is the test for cations by producing precipitates?

Add a few drops of NaOH to make a hydroxide precipitate

What test is used and what colour is produced to test for Fe2+ cations?

Add a few drops of NaOH to make a green precipitate

What test is used and what colour is produced to test for Fe3+ cations?

Add a few drops of NaOH to produce an orange/brown precipitate

What test is used and what colour is produced to test for Cu2+ cations?

Add a few drops of NaOH to produce a blue precipitate

What test is used and what colour is produced to test for Ca2+ cations?

Add a few drops of NaOH to produce a white precipitate

What test is used and what colour is produced to test for Al3+ cations?

Add a few drops of NaOH to produce a white precipitate

How do you differentiate between a Calcium ion and an Aluminium ion produced?

Add a few drops of NaOH solution to both ions which produces a white precipitate for both ions. Therefore add excess NaOH solution which will cause the aluminium to dissolve

How do you test for a carbonate?

You add dilute hydrochloric acid to the to the carbonates. Then bubble any gas produced through limewater. If carbon dioxide is present, then the limewater will turn cloudy and carbonates are produced

How can you test for chloride ions?

Add dilute nitric acid and if it bubbles and turns the limewater cloudy then CO2 is present and its a carbonate but if not, then add silver nitrate solution and if chloride ions are present, a white precipitate will be produced

How can you test for bromide ions?

Add dilute nitric acid and if it bubbles and turns the limewater cloudy then CO2 is present and it is a carbonate but if not, then add silver nitrate solution and if bromide ions are present, a cream precipitate will be produced

How do you test for an iodide ion?

Add dilute nitric acid and if it bubbles and turns the limewater cloudy then CO2 is present but if not, then add silver nitrate solution and if iodide ions are present, a yellow precipitate will be produced