Science, Technology, and Society

PASADONG MIDTERMS CUTIE!

Scientia

Latin word meaning Knowledge

Scientific Method

System of acquiring knowledge

Scientific Method

Process used to solve problems or develop an understanding of nature that involves testing possible answers

Techne

Greek word meaning art, skill, or cunning of hand

Technology

Application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems.

Technology

Methods, systems and devices; result of scientific knowledge; used for practical purposes

Societas

Latin word meaning “a friendly association with others”

Society

Large group of people who live together in an organized way

Society

Grouping of individuals which is characterized by common interest and may have distinctive culture and institutions

Science

Evolving body of knowledge that is based on theoretical expositions and experimental and empirical activities that generates universal truths

Technology

Application of science and creation of systems, processes and objects designed to help humans in their daily activities

Society

Sum total of our interactions to humans, including the interactions that we engage in to understand the nature of things and to create things

Science

Explores for the purpose of knowledge

Technology

Explores for the purpose of making something useful from the knowledgeS

Society

Explores Science and Technology for a better life

drives; breakthroughs

Science ____ technology by making new technology possible through scientific ________.

Engineers

Who focus on science to develop products

Technology

Make some science experiments possible

Science, Technology, and Society

field that combines History of Science, Philosophy of Science, and Sociology of Science

Sir William Churchill

Who stated “Those who do not learn history are doomed to repeat it”

3,000 BC

Ancient Egyptians already had sophisticated medical practices

2650 BC

Imhotep was renowned for his knowledge of medicine

Trial and Error

Heart of Egyptian medicine

Papyrus

Ancient form of paper made from papyrus plant

Process of Producing Papyrus Paper

Egyptians took thin slices of the stem, laid them crosswise on top of each other, moistened, pressed, and dried then

Clay Tables or Smooth Rock

Writing medium of Egyptians, Sumerians, and other races before papyrus.

Easy to roll into scrolls for storage and transport

Advantage of using papyrus

3,000 BC to 1100 AD

Period when papyrus was used as a writing material in ancient Egypt

Mesopotamians

Who were making pottery using the first known potter’s wheel

Chinese

Who were using compasses to aid themselves in their travels during 1,000 BC

Ancient Greeks

First true scientists

Ancient Greeks

Who collected facts and observations to explain the natural world?

Circa 385 BC

When did Plato founded the Academy?

Aristotle

Who begins the scientific revolution of the Hellenistic period

Eratosthenes, Euclid, Aristarchus of Samos, Hipparchus, Archimedes

Scholars during the Hellenistic period culminating in the 3rd to 2nd centuries

Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)

Period that produced substantial advances in scientific knowledge, especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics, and astronomy

Islamic Golden Age (8th to 14th Century)

period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam

Reign of the Abbasid Caliph Harun Al-Rashid with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad

Where did the Islamic Golden Age traditionally understood to have begun?

Knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations

What did the science and technology in the Islamic world did?

Scientific Inquiry

It was practiced in other subjects like alchemy and chemistry, botany and agronomy, geography and cartography, ophthalmology, pharmacology, physics, and zoology during the Islamic Golden Age

Islamic Science

Characterized by having practical purposes as well as the global understanding (i.e., Astronomy; Qibla, Botany; Agriculture, Geography; Making accurate maps)

Mathematics; Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Arabic Numerals

This also flourished during the Islamic Golden Age with the works of Al-Khwarizmi, Aviccena, and Jamshid al Kashi that led to _____.

Compass, Gunpowder, Papermaking, Printing

Four Great Inventions of Ancient China

Gunpowder, compass, and printing press

Three great inventions of China that ushered in bourgeois society according to Karl Marx

16th Century

Beginning of cultural movement of Renaissance

Golden Age of Science

Renaissance is considered by many as the _______

1453

When did the rediscover of ancient scientific text was accelerated as well as the invention of printing democratizing learning and faster propagation of new ideas

1450 to 1630

When did Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution

Peter Dear

Who argued for a two-phase model of early modern science.

Scientific Renaissance (15th and 16ty centuries) - restoration of natural knowledge

Scientific Revolution (17th Century) - shift from recovery to innovation

Two phases of early modern science according to Peter Dear

Scientific Backwardness

Initial period of Renaissance is seen as _____

Renaissance Humanism

Stressed that nature came to be viewed as animate spiritual creation that was not governed by laws or mathematics

Development of printing

Most important technological advance of all in the Renaissance Period with movable metal type

Johannes Gutenberg

Inventor of movable metal type printer

Between 1250 to 1350

When did block printing on wood came to the West from China

Flemish Technique of oil printing

Origin of the new printers’ ink

1467

When did the wooden press reached Italy

1470s

When did the wooden press reached Hungary and Poland

1483

When did the wooden press reached Scandinavia

1500

When did the presses of Europe produced some six million books

Enlightenment Period (1715 AD to 1789 AD)

Radical reorientation in science emphasizing reason over superstition and science over faith

Galileo Galilei; Johannes Kepler; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Key natural philosophers of the Scientific Revolution

Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton (1686)

Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke (1689)

works that provided the scientific, mathematical, and philosophical toolkit for the Enlightenment’s major advances

Close observation and careful generalization leading to practical utilization

Characteristic of both industrialists and experimentalists alike in the 18th Century.

Science of Metallurgy

Tailoring of alloy steels to industrial specifications

Science of Chemistry

Creation of new substances like aniline dyes and electricity and magnetism

Industrial Revolution

When did the Science of Metallurgy, Chemistry and Thermodynamics prosper?

Technological changes in Industrial Revolution

Use of iron and steel

Use of coal, steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and internal combustion engine

Spinning Jenny and Power Loom Factory System

Steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio

Increasing application of science to technology

Physics and Information Age (20th Century Science)

Period where science dealt with the complexity of the real world, had many areas of science changed, cosmology, formulation of the theory of relativity

Cosmology

improved our knowledge of the place that man and his planet occupy in the universe

1953

When did the structure of DNA was describe by Crick and Watson as the carrier of genetic information

Physics and Information Age (20th Century Science)

Seen medicine find a cure for many life-threatening diseases and beginning of organ transplants

Fourth Industrial Revolution

AI, Robotics, IoT, 3D Printing, Genetic Engineering, Quantum Computing, and other technologies, Photo Recognition

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

computers that can think like humans such as recognizing complex patterns, processing information, drawing conclusions, and making recommendations

Virtual Reality (VR)

offers immersive digital experience that stimulate the real world while augmented reality merges the digital and physical worlds

Biotechnology

Develops new pharmaceuticals and materials, more efficient industrial manufacturing processes, and cleaner, more efficient energy resources

Robotics

Design, manufacture, and use of robots for personal and commercial use

3D Printing

Allows manufacturing businesses to print their own parts with less tooling at a lower cost and faster than via traditional processes

Internet of Things (IoT)

the idea of everyday items being connected to the internet and identifiable by other devices

Energy capture, storage, and transmission

Represent a growing market sector, spurred by the falling cost of renewable energy technologies and improvements in battery storage capacity

40,000 years ago

first inhabitants Palawan and Batangas made simple tools or weapons of stone for sewing, drilling, and polishing hard stones

Pre-Spanish Era

Stone tools, weaving cotton, agriculture, and building boats for coastal trade

Filipinos were living in perfect harmony with nature

Spanish Colonial Era

Beginnings of modern science and technology in the Philippines

Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas

Highest Institution of learning during the Spanish Colonial Era

Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Epitome of the Renaissance man in the Philippine context

1887

When did the Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila created?

Cronica de Ciencias Medicas de Filipinas

First scientific journal in the country

19th Century (Spanish Colonial Era)

When did Manila became a cosmopolitan center where modern amenities were introduced to the city

Philippines became a primary agricultural exporting economy

American Period

Rapid growth of science and technology in the Philippines

Philippine Normal School and University of the Philippines

provided the needs for professionally- trained Filipinos in building the government’s organization and programs.

University of the Philippines Los Baños

Opened the College of Agriculture in 1909

University of the Philippines- Diliman

Opened the College of Arts, Engineering, and Veterinary Medicine in 1910

Bureau of Government Laboratories that became Bureau of Science

Institution to support the development of science

Bureau of Science

served as primary training ground for Filipino scientists and paved the way for pioneering scientific research

Biology Laboratory

Chemical Laboratory

Serum Laboratory

Library

Facilities in Bureau of Science

Philippine Journal of Science

Scientific journal published researches done in local laboratories and reported global scientific developments

Bureau of Science

Primary research center of the Philippines until WW2

Institute of Science

In 1946, Bureau of Science was replaced into _____

Science Act of 1958

Passed by the Philippine Congress in 1958 that establish the National Science Development Board

There has been little innovation in the education and training of scientists and engineers since independence in 1946

Summarization of Caoili in Science and Technology since Independence