Key Concepts of Enlightenment and Political Philosophy

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the Enlightenment, focusing on the thoughts of pivotal philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.

Commonwealth

A political entity founded for the common good, emphasizing the benefit of all over individual desires.

Leviathan

A book published by Thomas Hobbes in 1651, arguing for a social contract and the necessity of a strong central authority.

Natural Law

Principles that govern behavior and society, applied by Hobbes to argue for the necessity of government.

Thomas Hobbes

An early Enlightenment philosopher known for advocating strong central authority and questioning divine right.

Enlightenment

A philosophical movement emphasizing reason, knowledge, and the questioning of traditional authority.

Social Contract

An implicit agreement among individuals to form a society and accept certain restrictions for the benefit of all.

Legacy of Locke and Newton

The influence of these thinkers on the Enlightenment, promoting ideas of rational thought and scientific inquiry.

Fear of Maturity

A notion discussed by Hobbes, suggesting that individuals may fear assuming responsibility for their own thoughts and actions.

Divine Right

A political doctrine that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.

Freedom of Thought

The right to form one’s own beliefs and opinions without undue influence, especially in the context of religion.

Public Use of Reason

Kant's idea that individuals should be free to discuss and critique laws and governance in public discourse.