Savanna Chapter 9 - Circulatory system

What are the two functions of the circulatory system?

distribute O2 / CO2 and to defend against foreign agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi)

What are the two subdivisions of the circulatory system?

Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

What organs make up the cardiovascular system?

The hearts and blood vessels

What organs make up the lymphatic system?

Lymphatic vessels and associated organs

What are lymphatic capillaries?

They absorb excess fluid and return it back to the blood stream

Anastomotic

interconnecting networks

Artery

carries blood AWAY from the heart

Vein

carries blood TO the heart

Capillary bed

Anastomotic (inter-connecting) bloodstream and tissue fluid occurs

Arteriole

a small branch of arteries

Venule

a very small vein

Pulmonary circuit

lungs

Systemic circuit

body systems

Heart rate

60-100 BPM

Cardiac output

normally pumps the same volume of blood

Mediastinum

a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ,

Axis of the heart

Apex (ponty tip at the bottom)

Endocardium

inside

Myocardium

middle layer

Epicardium

around

Pericardium

Not part of the heart wall

Serous membrane

Epicardium

Interatrial septum

The right and left atria (between the artery wall

Foramen ovale

Hole

Fossa ovalis

depression

Atria

receiving chambers

Ventricles

ejecting chambers

Superior vena cava

upper part of the body

Inferior vena cava

lower part of the body

Coronary sinus

from myocardium

Tricuspid Valv

prevents the backflow (regurgitation) of blood from the Right ventricles

Pulmonary valve

prevents the backflow (regurgitation) of blood from the pulmonary artery trunk

Mitral valve

prevents the backflow (regurgitation) of blood from the Left ventricle

Chordae tendineae

dense fibrous C.T. cords that anchor the A-V valve cusps to papillary muscle

Aortic valve

one of four heart valves and is the final one encountered by oxygenated blood as it leaves the heart

SA nodes

a collection of specialized heart muscles cells designed to generate an electric impulse

how does the heat conduct electricity

cardiac muscles conduct electricity impulse

AV node

Atrioventricular node

Bundle of his

a common A-V bundle

RT and LT Bundle branches

gose with S-A (Sino- Atrial) nodes that directing signals to the ventricles

Purkinje fibers

gose with S-A (Sino- Atrial) nodes branches of specialized nerve cells

Intercalated discs

heart muscle joined together

Coronary arteries

major blood vessels that supply blood to your heart

how are heart muscle joined together

Intercalated discs and gap junctions

what are the purpose of the coronary arteries

to nourish the myocardium

Collateral circulation

they form Manny anastomoses (interconnecting) with each other

how do you increase Collateral circulation coronary sinus

cardiovascular exercises

Rheumatic heart disease

an autoimmune diseases trigger by streptococcus viridans

endocarditis

endocalcium

Streptococcus viridans

strep throat

valvular disease

valves

coronary artery disease

caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

Angina pectoris

the results in coronary artery disease (CAD)

coronary thrombosis

stopes all blood flow through vessels

conduction blocks

reduce conduction of electrical activity through the heart

SA Nodal blocks

conduction blocks

A-V Nodal blocks

conduction blocks

Bundle Branches blocks

conduction blocks

Arrhythmia

the results in abnormal rhythms

Myocardial infarctions

death of heart muscle

stenosis of the lumen

the abnormal narrowing of the internal passageway

heart murmur

abnormal sounds caused by defective valves like congenital “with birth” and Rheumatic heart disease