argumentation

Toulmin Argument

A method of argumentation that involves six components: claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. It emphasizes logical reasoning and the structure of arguments.

Deductive Reasoning

Major premise, minor premise, conclusion. Conclusion is the only conclusion you can draw based off the premises.

Inductive Reasoning

Decide on a question, gather evidence, and make an inference. The conclusion should be the one that matches the evidence the best.

Rogerian Argument

A way of arguing that focuses on finding common ground between people with different opinions. It encourages understanding and discussion instead of fighting.

Concession

Accepting at least part of an opposing viewpoint. It is often used to make one’s own argument stronger, showing that it is true even while accepting the opposition.

Conditional Statement

if…then

Counterexample

An example that runs counter to a generalization, thus falsifying it.

Sound argument

The line of reasoning is valid and the premises are true.

Unstated Premises

Premises or conclusions are left unexpressed. These are assumptions that are taken for granted in an argument without being explicitly stated. Sometimes are problematic.

Conclusion

end point of an argument - main point.