American Republic - Chapter 6 Review

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Blockade

Strategy to prevent the entry or exit by sea of passengers or products / Keeping ships from entering or leaving a port

Hessians

Hired soldiers, or mercenaries, from Germany / German mercenaries

Loyalists

Colonists who opposed fighting Britain

Patriots

Colonists who favored fighting the British

Valley Forge

Washington’s army headquarters outside Philadelphia for the winter of 1777–78; the army spent the winter there

Yorktown

The last major battle of the war

Second Continental Congress

• Colonial government that assembled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• Met in May 1775

Olive Branch Petition

• Petition for peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III

• The last effort to show the colonists wanted a peaceful resolution

Fort Ticonderoga

• captured in 1775 by Ethan Allen’s Green Mountain Boys and other soldiers

• Provided artillery for the Patriots

Ethan Allen

• Leader of the Green Mountain Boys

• Captured Fort Ticonderoga

Benedict Arnold

Traitor to the United States

John Burgoyne

British general who was defeated at Saratoga

George Rogers Clark

Patriot general who fought Loyalists and Indians in the west.

Charles Cornwallis

British general who surrendered at Yorktown

Nathaniel Greene

Patriot general in the South; was put in charge by George Washington after some losses.

Thomas Jefferson

Main writer of the Declaration of Independence

John Paul Jones

Patriot naval officer who won the battle in the North Sea

Marquis de Lafayette

French volunteer who was present at Yorktown

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense

George Washington

Named commander of the continental army

Nathan Hale

Hanged for being a patriot spy

Trenton

Where Washington crossed the Delaware River

Treaty of Paris

The war officially ended when this was signed