Neurotransmission: parts of neurons

https://www.albert.io/blog/ultimate-guide-neurotransmitters-ap-psychology/

Dendrite

branch-like extensions that receive incoming signals from other neurons, transmitting those signals to the cell body to facilitate (THEY LISTEN) communication within the nervous system.

Cell Body (Soma)

 is the cell body that contains necessary cell action

Axon

 transmits electrical impulses to other neurons or glands or muscles (signals will be carried away to other cells- THEY SPEAK)

Myelin Sheath

• a protective fatty layer that surrounds and insulates the axon of a neuron, facilitating faster and more efficient transmission of electrical signals.

Neuron - Nodes of Ranvier

Because the myelin sheath is largely composed of an insulating fatty substance, the nodes of Ranvier allow the generation of a fast electrical impulse along the axon

Neuron - Sodium-Potassium Pump 

protein pump that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. This process is important for conducting electrical impulses across a cell

Synapse

The synapse is a tiny gap between nerve cells where information is transmitted, allowing neurons to communicate by releasing chemicals that relay signals from one neuron to another.

Action Potential

When a neuron sends a message by firing an impulse by creating a brief electrical charge that travels down from the dendrites the axon

Refractory Period

• a state of recovery that occurs after a neuron has fired an action potential, preventing continuous signals and ensuring proper neural communication.

Threshold

• is the minimum level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential, serving as a "decision point" where if the incoming signals surpass this threshold, the neuron fires and transmits information to other neurons.

All-or-none Response

Either the neuron fires at full strength or not at all

Reuptake

the reabsorption by a neuron of a neurotransmitter following the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse.

Agonist

• neuron is a molecule that binds to and activates a receptor, mimicking the effects of a neurotransmitter and facilitating the transmission of signals between nerve cells.

Antagonist

is a substance or agent that blocks or inhibits the action of neurotransmitters, impeding the transmission of signals between nerve cells.

Dopamine

 influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Serotonin

•  mood, hunger, sleep, arousal

Acetylcholine

Enables muscles action, learning and memory

Major excitatory

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Alertness and arousal

GABA

Major inhibitory

Helps calm and level you out from excitatory action

Glutamate

learning, memory

Endorphins

Influences perception of pain and pleasure