Chapter 7: What are the Different Ways to Communicate Nonverbally Across Cultures (copy)

What defines nonverbal communication?

The use of nonlinguistic and paralinguistic cues consciously or unconsciously expressed and decoded through multiple communication channels in a socio-cultural setting.

How truthful is nonverbal communication considered compared to verbal communication?

Nonverbal communication is assumed to be more truthful than verbal communication when there is a contradiction.

What percentage of interpersonal interaction is attributed to nonverbal communication according to Mehrabian?

93% of interpersonal interaction is attributed to nonverbal communication.

What proportion of nonverbal communication is represented by facial expressions, according to Mehrabian?

55% of nonverbal communication is represented by facial expressions.

What are the three body types categorized in physical appearance?

Endo-Morph, Meso-Morph, Ecto-Morph.

What do artifacts and adornments signify in nonverbal communication?

They mark our co-cultural identities like jewelry, tattoos, cosmetics, and piercings.

What is paralanguage?

Vocal sounds and tones that accompany and shape the message, focusing on how something is said rather than what is said.

What is the significance of understanding cultural vocal nuances?

Not understanding them can lead to misinterpretations of messages.

What is Kinesics the study of?

The study of posture, stance, gestures, body movement, and facial expressions.

What are the four spatial zones categorized by Edward T Hall?

Intimate (00 - 18 in), Personal (18 in - 4 ft), Social (4 ft - 12 ft), Public (12 ft+).

What does Haptics refer to in nonverbal communication?

Haptics refers to touch and the different contextual and cultural meanings associated with it.

What distinguishes high-contact cultures from low-contact cultures?

High-contact cultures involve more direct eye contact, touching, and louder speaking, while low-contact cultures feature less touching and often indirect gazes.

What is the difference between monochronic and polychronic time cultures?

Monochronic cultures segment time to focus on one task at a time, while polychronic cultures prioritize relationships over strict schedules.

What is the study of Oculesics concerned with?

The study of eye behavior and eye contact in communication.

What role do cultural display rules play in nonverbal communication?

They govern the management and acceptability of the expression and suppression of emotions.

What are SADFiSH expressions in nonverbal communication?

Facial expressions that represent different emotions: Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Surprise, Happiness.

How do cultural universalists view emotional facial expressions?

They believe that emotional facial expressions function innately and adaptively regardless of culture.

What is impression management in the context of physical appearance?

The process of expressing our identity and managing how others perceive us through our physical appearance.

How do communication styles differ in cultural interpretations of volume and silence?

Cultures have different norms for paralinguistic cues such as volume and silence, affecting how messages are interpreted.

In what context might touch have different meanings across cultures?

Touch can vary in significance based on context, such as greeting rituals, affection, control, and task-related interactions.

What is the impact of gestures in nonverbal communication?

Gestures can function as emblems, illustrators, regulators, and adaptors, and differ based on cultural context.

What might result from a lack of understanding of cultural display rules?

It can lead to the misinterpretation of emotional expressions and reactions.

What do cultural relativists believe about emotional expressions?

They believe that cultural context shapes emotional facial expressions as observed across different cultures.

How do low-contact cultures typically display eye contact?

Low-contact cultures often have little or no touching, use indirect gazes, and speak in lower tones.

What is an example of a high-contact culture?

French, Russian, and Latin American cultures are examples of high-contact cultures.

What does the term 'artifacts' refer to in nonverbal communication?

Artifacts refer to personal adornments and objects that express identity and cultural affiliation.

What might affect how sarcasm is perceived in different cultures?

Cultural norms regarding paralinguistic cues such as tone and volume can affect the interpretation of sarcasm.

What is the main focus of proxemics in communication?

Proxemics studies how space and distance are used in communication and the anxiety caused by violations of personal space.

Which cultures are typically more expressive in terms of touch?

Latin American and Arab cultures tend to have higher levels of physical touch compared to U.S. culture.

What does the term 'chronemics' refer to?

Chronemics refers to the study of how different cultures perceive and interpret time.

What is a characteristic of monochronic time cultures such as the U.S. and Germany?

They prioritize scheduling and focus on future goals.

What emotional expression is often considered universal according to Ekman and Friesen?

Facial expressions conveying emotions such as happiness and sadness.

What do 'emblems' refer to in gesture studies?

Emblems are gestures that have specific meanings understood within a particular culture.

What is an important factor in impression management according to cultural standards?

Cultural standards dictate what is considered attractive or acceptable in physical appearance.

In what ways can body language affect communication?

Body language can complement, repeat, substitute, or contradict verbal messages.

What psychological component does vocal tone influence?

Vocal tone influences how listeners perceive emotions and intentions behind the spoken message.

Why might gestures that are acceptable in one culture be offensive in another?

Cultural differences lead to varied interpretations of gestures and body language.

What is the effect of personal space in communication?

Personal space can convey intimacy, aggression, or social distance, impacting interpersonal dynamics.