Pediatric PT - Week 2

Overview of development, developmental testing, outcome measures

What is growth?

An increase in size physically; quantitative

What is development?

A sequence of changes occuring with growth

What are milestones?

Key skills achieved by a certain age range; predictable

What are reflexes?

Automatic movement in response to a stimulus

What are postural control reactions?

Responses to changes in position or alignment or gravity; they continue to exist as part of balance and postural control, we want to keep them

What is the righting reaction?

Head on body, body on body with the goal of keeping eyes on the horizon

What is the equilibrium reaction?

A response to keep stable, from *internal. e.g. stepping over an object

What is protective extension?

A posture control reaction in response to falling

In what order of direction does protective extension emerge?

Anterior, then lateral, then posterior

What side of the hand does weight-bearing and grasp start on?

Ulnar

At what age range does palmar grasp occur?

4-5mo

At what age range does raking occur?

7-8 mo

At what age range does inferior pincer grasp occur?

7-10 mo

At what age does superior (tip) pincer occur?

10-12 mo

What is the sequence of grasp development?

Hook (8-12 mo) → cylindrical (12 mo) → spherical (18 mo) → lateral (toddlerhood)

What are confidence intervals?

The expected range in which repeated assessment scores with the same child are expected to fall

Name the five common purposes of assessment and what they are

1. Descriptive - to identify and describe current skills and impairments for goals and treatment

2. Screening - a short assessment to determine if further evaluation is needed

3. Evaluation - comparing performance between time points

4. Discriminate/Diagnose - comparison to normal/reference standard

5. Predict - predicting future outcomes or performance

Assessments need to be observational or play-based if under what age?

5 years old

What are criterion referenced scores?

When the score is calculated against a set of standards, e.g. grade or percent

What is a norm-referenced score?

A score calculated against a known group’s performance, e.g. percentile, z score, standard deviation

What area of the ICF model do assessments evaluate?

Activities

What is a scaled score?

Conversion of raw scores to normative distribution based on the child’s age

What is age equivalency?

The age at which 50% of the normative sample (typical age, not patient’s age) achieves the child’s raw score

In order to say a child has a deficit, it has to be ____ std dev below the mean

2

What age range is the AIMS appropriate for?

0-18 months

What type of outcome measure is the AIMS and for what domain?

A screening scale for gross motor skills

What age range is the PDMS2 (peabody) appropriate for?

15 days to 71 months (almost 6 y.o.)

What does the PDMS assess?

Reflexes, stationary skills, locomotion, object manipulation, grasp, and visual-motor integration

What does a score of “9 months” on the PDMS mean?

50% of 9 mo olds are at that level

What age range is the BOT (Bruininks-Osteretsky Test of Motor Proficiency) appropriate for?

4-22 years old

What type of screening is the SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) for?

Behavioral