IELTS & TOEFL Academic Vocabulary - Comprehensive Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering essential vocabulary for IELTS and TOEFL, including terms related to general academic concepts, personal qualities, and formal actions.

Academic (học thuật)

The type of vocabulary essential for high scores in the IELTS exam, particularly through Harold Levine's 22,000-word book.

Simultaneously

At the same time.

Portable

Easy to carry.

Mitigate (v)

Make less severe; lessen; soften; relieve.

Concur (v)

Agree, be of the same opinion.

Civilian (n, adj)

A person who is not a member of the armed forces, police, or fire-fighting forces.

Complicated (adj)

Not simple or easy; intricate.

Confirm (v)

State or prove the truth of; substantiate.

Digress (v)

Turn aside, get off the main subject in speaking or writing.

Fragile (adj)

Easily broken; breakable; weak; frail.

Galore (adj)

Plentiful; abundant (always follows the word it modifies).

Genuine (adj)

Actually being what it is claimed or seems to be; true; real; authentic.

Hostile (adj, n)

Of or relating to an enemy or enemies; unfriendly.

Impatient (adj)

Not patient; not willing to bear delay; restless; anxious.

Inter (v)

Put into the earth or in a grave; bury.

Novice (n)

One who is new to a field or activity; beginner.

Original (adj, n)

A work created firsthand and from which copies are made; belonging to the beginning.

Rarity (n)

Something uncommon, infrequent, or rare.

Resume (v, n)

Begin again.

Shrink (v)

Draw back; recoil (often due to fear).

Sober (adj)

Not drunk; serious; free from excitement or exaggeration.

Suffice (v)

Be enough, adequate, or sufficient.

Vacant (adj)

Empty; unoccupied; not being used.

Adjourn (v)

Close a meeting; suspend the business of a meeting; disband.

Astute (adj)

Shrewd; wise; crafty; cunning.

Censure (n, v)

Act of blaming; expression of disapproval; hostile criticism; rebuke.

Demolish (v)

Tear down; destroy; raze.

Discharge (n, v)

Unload (e.g., cargo from a ship).

Dissent (n, v)

Differ in opinion; disagree; object.

Equitable (adj)

Fair to all concerned; just.

Exonerate (v)

Free from blame; clear from accusation.

Extemporaneous (adj)

Composed or spoken without preparation; off-hand; impromptu.

Extricate (v)

Free from difficulties; disentangle.

Forfeit (n, adj, v)

Lose or have to give up as a penalty for some error, neglect, or fault.

Illegible (adj)

Not able to be read; very hard to read.

Inadvertently (adv)

Not done on purpose; unintentionally; thoughtlessly; accidentally.

Inappropriate (adj)

Not fitting; unsuitable; unbecoming.

Lucrative (adj)

Money-making; profitable.

Permanent (adj)

Lasting; enduring; stable.

Prohibit (v)

Forbid; ban.

Punctual (adj)

On time; prompt.

Rebuke (n, v)

Express disapproval of; criticize sharply; reprimand.

Transient (adj, n)

Not lasting; passing soon; fleeting.

Cache (n, v)

Hiding place to store something.

Commend (v)

Praise; mention favorably.

Cur (n)

Worthless dog.

Despotic (adj)

Of a despot (a monarch having absolute power); domineering; dictatorial.

Dispute (n, v)

Argue about; debate; declare not true; oppose.

Edifice (n)

Building, especially a large or impressive one.

Era (n)

Historical period; period of time.

Initiate (v)

Begin; introduce; originate.

Jolly Roger (n)

Pirate’s flag; black flag with white skull and crossbones.

Multitude (n)

Crowd; throng; horde; swarm.

Perceive (v)

Become aware of through the senses; see; note; observe.

Portal (n)

Door; entrance; especially a grand or impressive one.

Reserved (adj)

Restrained in speech or action; uncommunicative.

Restrain (v)

Hold back; check; curb; repress.

Retract (v)

Draw back; withdraw; take back.

Spine (n)

Chain of small bones down the middle of the back; backbone.

Stroll (n)

Idle and leisurely walk.

Timorous (adj)

Full of fear; afraid; timid.

Tuition (n)

Payment for instruction.

Version (n)

Account or description from a particular point of view; translation.

Aggressor (n)

Person or nation that begins a quarrel; assailant.

Altitude (n)

Height; elevation; high position.

Calamity (n)

Great misfortune; catastrophe; disaster.

Congregate (v)

Come together into a crowd; assemble; gather.

Convene (v)

Meet or come together in a group for a specific purpose.

Cordiality (n)

Friendliness; warmth of regard.

Crony (n)

Close companion; intimate friend; chum.

Deliberately (adv)

In a carefully thought out manner; on purpose; slowly.

Dispense with (v)

Do without; get along without.

Dubious (adj)

Doubtful; uncertain; questionable.

Extremity (n)

Very end; utmost limit.

Forecast (v, n)

Predict; foretell; prophesy.

Hibernate (v)

Spend the winter.

Host (n, v)

Person who receives guests OR a large number; multitude.

Intimidate (v)

Frighten; influence by fear; cow.

Preface (n, v)

Introduction; foreword; prologue.

Recoil (n, v)

Draw back because of fear; shrink; wince.

Reflection (n)

Thought, especially careful thought OR blame; reproach.

Relinquish (v)

Give up; abandon; release; surrender.

Tolerate (v)

Endure; bear; put up with; allow.