Eighteenth Century Architectural Styles and Movements

What architectural movement emphasized order and regularity?

Neo-classicism

Which architectural style reacted against Neo-classicism and expressed religious and moral convictions?

Romanticism

Who led the English architects known as the Palladians?

Lord Burlington

What was the focus of the Palladian architects?

A simpler approach to architecture

Name one prominent Palladian architect.

Colen Campbell, Robert Adam, Richard Boyle, or William Kent

What is the significance of Mereworth Castle?

Designed by Colen Campbell, it is a near-replica of the Villa Rotunda.

What is Holkham Hall known for?

It was designed by Matthew Brettingham and built between 1734-1765.

What architectural features did the Palladian style contribute to cities like Bath and Edinburgh?

Squares, crescents, and circuses

Who designed the Royal Crescent in Bath?

John Wood

What was a further refinement of the Palladian style?

Fusion with Roman and Etruscan decoration

What is the Marble Hall and who designed it?

A building designed by Robert Adams between 1757-70.

What did William Kent advocate for in English country houses?

Setting them in idealized rural landscapes

What was Lancelot Brown known for in landscape architecture?

Transforming farmland into gently flowing planned landscapes.

What notable features does the Garden of Stowe include?

Temples, grottos, and follies.

What characterized Fonthill Abbey?

Impossible long flights of stairs and vertigo-inducing properties of its tower.

Who designed Strawberry Hill and what style is it known for?

Horace Walpole; it is known for its medieval style.

What was John Nash's contribution to urban architecture?

He introduced picturesque movements into towns, such as Regent's Park.

What was the significance of the Age of Enlightenment in architecture?

It laid the foundation for modern achievements and influenced architectural design.

When did the Industrial Revolution begin and what were its effects?

It began in 1750, leading to increased population, a new working class, and improved living conditions.

What is the Trevi Fountain and when was it constructed?

A famous fountain in Rome built between 1732-62.

Who were the architects of the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans?

Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine.

What role did machine work play in the eighteenth century?

It replaced manual labor, increasing efficiency in various tasks.