Plant Science Hormones Flashcard

What are Hormones?

Naturally occurring chemicals produced in one part of the plant and transported to the other causing physiological change. 

What are Auxins?

Auxins is a type of hormone that promotes cell elongation and meristematic growth.

How does Auxins promote Cell division?

It weakens the connection between cellouse fibers in the cell wall which allows stretch and growth.

What is Apical Dominance?

Is when the Terminal Bud secrets Auxins to start growth in Auxillary Bud. 

Why does Apical Dominance happen?

If the bus is removed energy will be focused in other places.

what is vertical for Apical Dominance?

Primary / Leggy

What is Horizontal for Apical Dominance

Secondary

What would happen if you cut the terminal Bud of a flower?

It will grow out instead of up. You will get more flowers. 

What’s a good example of a plant that has Apical Dominance done to it all the time?

Christmas Tree/ Evergreen Tree

How Long does it take for a Christmass Tree to grow?

10-12 Years.

What is Phototropism?

Growth towards a light source.

How does Auxins affect phototropism?

It targets specific cells to stretch so that the darker side can get light. 

What are the different type of tropisms?

Heilotropism, Geotropism, and Thigmotropism

What is Heliotropism?

The growth/ movement of the plant following the sun. 

What is Geotropism?

The growth with the respects towards gravity.

What is Thingmotropism?

The growth of plant in response to touch stimulus.

What are Cytokinis?

A hormone that stimulates cell division, regulates protein synthesis, and stimulates lateral bud growth(Apical Dominance)

Where is Cytokinis Produced?

They are produced in the roots of the plant.

What is Absicic Acid “A.B.A”

A.B.A is the dormancy hormone. It tells the plant when to shift to dormancy. 

What does A.B.A inhabit?

Seed germination, stem elongation, shoot growth and bud growth.

Does A.B.A affect gibberellins?

Yes

What is Leaf Abscission?

Is when the leaf falls off the tree.

What is Ethylene?

A gas that travels from plant to plant trough the air.

What does Ethlyene stimulate?

Ripening of fruit, flower opening, femaleness in dioeceous plants. 

What is an dioeceous plant? 

A plant that is female or male.

What is an monoecious plant?

A plant that has both female and male reproduction.

What are Gibberellins?

A group of hormones that stimulate seed germination, Cell elongation, and flowering.

What are plants called that don’t produce gibberellins?

Dwafs.

Seedless fruit grow smaller then seed full fruits. Why would spraying Gibberelins on seedless fruit help the fruit? 

The seedless fruit will increase in size and will taste better. 

What are some fruit examples?

Holly, asparagus, Ginkotrees, Mulberries, persimmons, and Kiwi.

what is parentheocarphy?

The ability to produce seedless fruit

Are seed rements real?

No. They started growth then stopped.

What are some examples of seed rements fruits?

Pineapples, Bananas, cucumbers, grapes, oranges, persimmons, and bread fruit. 

What are the ways to apply Gibberellins?

Paste, Spray, and Inject

Is Parthenocarpy good for nut seeds?

No. The seed is edible

Is parthenocarpy good for plants that are hard to fertilze?

Yes. it speeds up fruit production.

What is Polyploids?

A condition where an organism has more then two set of chromosomes in it’s cell.

a Diploid and Tetraploid make what?

Triploid (Seedless)

What does Plant Growth Regular do? 

Slow down plant growth 

What does Embark do?

Interrupts cell division which results in shorter grass.

What does B-nine do? 

Shortens potential stem growth. This results in compact growth, more flowwering, and a deeper leaf color. 

What does Atrimmec do?

Stops terminal shoot growth and increases 2* growth. Results in retention of trimmed state and thicker foliage.

What does Sumagic do? 

Reduced potential plant height. Results in more compacted, dense, consistent shape. 

What dooes Cyocel do?

Reduces stem elongation, induces early flowering, improves flowering and improves coloring. 

What are some benefits of plant growth regulators?

reduced maintaince, improves plant health, and enhance crop production.

What are some drawbacks of plant growth regulator?

Cost, Not organic, can kill the plant and animals if not used correctly. 

What are the type of grafting?

T-budding, Cleft, and Whip & Tounge

How do you graft?

First you cut your scion and then you insert your scion into your rootstock. after that you wrap it up just to make sure it doesnt budge.

What is the criteria to graft?

Clean tools and compatible plants with the same genus. 

why do we graft?

Cloning, Functionatlly, Artis-tree, and to shorten potential growth.

What is Alleopathy?

A plant produced chemucal that interferes with teh survival and growth of neighboring 

What is the name of the plant that can do this?

Allelopathic Plants

How does the chemical spread?

The posion spreads when it rains and seeps into

What are some of the plants that do this?

Black, Walnuts, Sunflowers, sesame, sorghun, Eucalyptus, Rice, Marigolds, Daises, Garlic, Mustard, Oats, Ryes, Alfalfa, Mint, Thyme, Sage, Garlic 

Which one out of the Alleopathic plants are the most severe?

Black Walnuts. 

What is the Black Walnut Chemical called?

Juglone

A black walnut tree woods is good for what?

It’s good for carpentry.

What does mint do if not contained.

It will continue to spread and take over native spieces

What is a invasice spieces?

A species that take over native spieces.

What is autotoxic alleopathy?

A plant that only hurts its seedling.

What’s an example of an autotoxic alleopathy plant?

Alfalfa’s

why is crop rotation good?

It promotes better fertilaty and controls insects and diease.