bio 201 exam 4

activation domain

in eukaryotes only. part of the transcription factor that typically binds with the mediator to initiate transcription

regulatory sequences

DNA elements that control gene expression

operon

a group of genes that are all controlled by the same operator

operator

DNA site where repressors bind to block transcription

epigenetics

heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration

totipotent

can become all cells

pluripotent

can become any cell of the body, but cannot form a new organism

multipotent

can become/make multiple cells within a lineage

unipotent

can become one specific cell type

promoter reporter

gene that is easily visualized that allows for the analysis of the regulatory sequences

RT-qPCR

mRNA makes cDNA by reverse transcriptase to do this experiment that determines relative quantity of mRNA in cells

CRISPR-Cas9

tool for targeted DNA editing using guide RNA and Cas9 nuclease

construct

specially designed piece of DNA used in genetic engineering to introduce specific changes into a target gene in the genome

G418

antibiotic that selects cells (doesn’t kill the cells) expressing NeoR

Ganciclovir

drug that kills cells with tkHSV gene

NeoR

gene that gives resistance to G418

tkHSV

gene that makes cells sensitive to ganciclovir

selection

choosing cells that have undergone desired genetic changes

isolate

extract or separate specific cells or molecules

globally

changes that affect a large number of genes across a genome, rather than being limited to a specific gene