Zoology 2403: Digestive System

These flashcards cover important terminology related to the digestive system studied in Zoology 2403, including the anatomy and functions of various organs.

The is a part of the digestive system connected to the mouth and stomach.

Esophagus

The major organs of the digestive system include the stomach, small intestine, and _.

large intestine

The __ is the valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.

pyloric sphincter

The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and _.

ileum

The is a pouch-like structure at the beginning of the large intestine.

cecum

The is located behind the stomach and produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

pancreas

The is a small organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

gallbladder

The is the final section of the large intestine that leads to the anus.

rectum

The are glands located in the mouth that produce saliva and aid in digestion.

Salivary glands

The is one of the three major salivary glands located beneath the jawline and produces a mixture of serous fluid and mucus.

Submandibular gland

The is one of the three major salivary glands located under the tongue that produces mucus and contributes to saliva.

Sublingual gland

The is one of the three major salivary glands located near the ear and produces a serous fluid that aids in digestion.

Parotid gland

The is a muscular organ in the digestive system that stores and breaks down food, mixing it with gastric juices to form chyme.

Stomach

The are folds in the stomach lining that allow the stomach to expand when full and help in the mixing of food with gastric juices.

Rugae

The is the part of the stomach where the esophagus connects and food enters the stomach.

Cardiac region

The is the main portion of the stomach where digestion occurs and food is mixed with gastric juices.

Body of stomach

The is the valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.

pylorus

The is a fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach and hanging down in front of the intestines, often described as an apron-like structure.

Greater omentum

The consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Small intestine

The are folds of peritoneum that attach the intestines to the abdominal wall and support blood vessels and nerves.

Mesenteries

The is the first part of the small intestine, where a significant amount of chemical digestion occurs after food leaves the stomach.

Duodenum

The is the middle section of the small intestine, where further digestion and absorption of nutrients occur.

Jejunum

The is the valve that regulates the passage of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine.

Ileocecal valve

The is a duct that transports digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine.

Pancreatic duct

The is an organ that filters blood and is part of the lymphatic system, playing a key role in immune response and blood storage.

Spleen

The is a pouch-like structure attached to the cecum at the beginning of the large intestine that has no significant digestive function in humans.

Appendix

The is the part of the large intestine that moves upward from the cecum along the right side of the abdominal cavity.

Ascending colon

The is the part of the large intestine that runs horizontally across the abdomen, connecting the ascending colon to the descending colon.

Transverse colon

The is the part of the large intestine that moves downward along the left side of the abdominal cavity, connecting the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon.

Descending colon

The is the part of the large intestine that connects to the rectum and is shaped like an 'S.'

Sigmoid colon

The is the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste is expelled from the body.

Anus

The is an organ located in the upper right abdomen that produces bile, processes nutrients from the blood, and plays a key role in metabolism and detoxification.

Liver

The is the larger portion of the liver located on the right side of the body, playing a key role in metabolism, detoxification, and the production of bile.

Right lobe of liver

The is the smaller portion of the liver located on the left side of the body, involved in various metabolic processes and the production of bile.

Left lobe of liver

The is a lobe of the liver located on its posterior side, playing a role in metabolic processes.

Caudate lobe

The ** is a duct that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine.

Hepatic duct

The ** is a duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine.

Cystic duct

The ** is a duct that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine.

Common bile duct