Bio 153 protostomes

Characteristics of

Animals

Multicellular

Heterotrophs

No cell wall

Most have nerves & muscles

Sexual reproduction

Nervous System & Sensory Structures

Unique Cell Junctions (Nuerons)

2. Monophyletic Group consisting of a common ancestor and descendants.

3. Choanoflagel-

lates

Single-celled ancestors of multicellular animals.

4. Animal Classifica-

tion

Tissue Types

Body Symmetry

Body Cavity

Embryonic Development

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5. Body plans Morphological features used in traditional classification.

6. Eumetazoa Animals with more than one type of tissue and organs

7. Parazoa Animals lacking specialized tissues or organs. (Sponge)

8. Radial symmetry Body plan with symmetry around a central axis. (Circle)

9. Bilateral symme-

try

Body plan with distinct left and right halves. (Typically have "head")

10. Cephalization Development of a head region in bilateral animals.

11. Diploblastic (2) Organisms with two embryonic cell layers.

(Radial animals)

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12. Triploblastic (3) Organisms with three embryonic cell layers.

(Bilateral animals)

13. Protostomes Animals where the blastopore becomes the mouth.

Spiral Cleavage

Determinate Cleavage (Cells have specific purpose)

Schizocoelous coelom development

14. Deuterostomes Animals where the blastopore becomes the anus.

Radial Cleavage

Indeterminate Cleavage (Cell purpose not determined)

Enterocoelous coelom development

15. Coelomates Animals with a true body cavity lined by mesoderm.

16. Pseudocoelo-

mates

Animals with a body cavity not fully lined by mesoderm.

17. Acoelomates Animals that completely lack a body cavity.

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18. Sponges Multicellular organisms with no apparent symmetry

Porifera (Parazoa)

Sexual & Asexual

19. Ostia Pores through which water enters spongocoel.

20. Spongocoel Central cavity in sponges for water flow.

21. Osculum Opening through which water exits sponge.

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22. Choanocytes Cells that trap and consume small particles.

23. Hermaphrodites Organisms producing both eggs and sperm.

24. Cnidaria Phylum with radial symmetry

Diploblastic (2 layers)

Digestive tract

Nerve net (No brain)

Polyp & Medusa

25. Ctenophora Phylum of comb jellies

2 long tentacles

Complete Gut (Mouth & Anus)

Hermaphroditic

Bioluminescent

26. Mesoglea Gelatinous layer between ectoderm and endoderm.

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27. Gastrovascular

cavity

Cavity for extracellular digestion in Cnidaria.

28. Cnidocytes Specialized cells containing nematocysts for defense/feeding.

29. Nematocysts Stinging structures within cnidocytes.

30. Polyp Sessile body form with tentacles surrounding mouth/anus.

31. Medusa Motile, umbrella-shaped body form with tentacles.

32. Acoelomate Organisms lacking a fluid-filled body cavity.

33. Patyhelminthes Flatworms

No Specialized respiratory system or circulatory system to transport gas

Respire by Diffusion

Among 1st w/ active predatory lifestyle

Bilateral symmetry w/ head

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1st w/ 3 germ layers (Mesoderm)

Acoelomate (No Fluid Filled Cavity)

34. Planaria Light Sensitive Ocelli (Eye Spots)

Incomplete Digestive System

Excretory System w/ protonephridia & flame cells

Nerve Net (Beginning of Nervous System)