Exam Review: Autonomic Nervous System and Sensory Receptors

These flashcards cover key concepts in chapters 13 and 14 regarding the autonomic nervous system and sensory receptors to aid in exam preparation.

What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) NOT innervate?

Skeletal muscles.

What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic postganglionic axons?

Acetylcholine (ACh).

Which neurons do not have nicotinic receptors of the neuronal type?

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons and sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

What is the origin and characteristics of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs.

What accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system's anatomy?

Thoracolumbar origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia close to the spinal cord.

Which cranial nerve houses the majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Vagus nerve.

What is the outcome when adrenal medulla cells are exposed to nicotine?

Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increase.

What type of fibers release acetylcholine?

Cholinergic fibers.

Why can norepinephrine cause different effects in different locations?

Receptor types differ in these tissues.

Which receptor type is correctly matched with its location?

B₁; heart.

What response does norepinephrine binding to an adrenergic receptor typically produce?

Prepares the body for the fight-or-flight response.

How does Albuterol help asthma patients?

It binds to B2-adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation.

What processes is the sympathetic division involved in?

Increasing glucose metabolism, decreasing urinary output, and regulating blood pressure.

Which area of the body does not receive parasympathetic innervation?

Sweat glands, adrenal medulla, kidneys, blood vessels.

What division controls the arousal phase in the reproductive system?

Parasympathetic division.

Which division regulates heart rate at low normal levels?

Parasympathetic division.

Why does sympathetic innervation inhibit visceral organ activity?

It primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical activities.

What sensory receptor type corresponds with extreme heat?

Nociceptors.

Which receptor types are not rapidly adapting?

Bulbous corpuscles and Epithelial tactile complexes.

What sensation occurs when you stop noticing a persistent stimulus?

Adaptation.

Which are not proprioceptors?

Meissner's corpuscles and hair follicle receptors.

Which stimuli are not detected by chemoreceptors?

Vibration.

Which stimuli are not detected by mechanoreceptors?

Temperature.

Which stimuli are not detected by exteroceptors?

All are detected.