Unit 5.5 Bio Cell Respiration + Photosynthesis

What is the definition of cell respiration

turning food energy into ATP by all organisms in the mitochondria

What is the equation of cellular respiration (molecular + with words)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP

What makes up ATP (molecular + general formula)

5 carbon sugar + nitrogenous base + 3 phosphate groups

how do you make adp

break off one of the phospate and release energy (it’s like an empty battery to atp’s full battery: you are releasing the tension that holds the phosphates together)

what do we use the energy from adp for (usable and nonusable

Usablesynthesize molecules, active transport,

usable mechanical: movement, ciliaflagella, contractions

nonusable is given off as heat.

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration and how much each of them produce

glycolysis: produces 2 atp: breaking sugar to start the CR and it happens in the cytoplasm’

krebs cycle: 2 atp, mid-reactions inside the mitochondria’s matrix )

electron transport chain/chemiosmotic phospharylation: 34 atp (the inner membrane)

GKE: Giggling koala experiment.

go kart electrics

what is glycolysis

first stage: produces 2 atp: breaking sugar to start the CR and it happens in the cytoplasm’

what is krebs cycle

second stage: 2 atp, mid-reactions inside the mitochondria’s matrix )

what is electron transport chain

third. stage:

electron transport chain/chemiosmotic phospharylation: 34 atp (the inner membrane)

What is the evidence for the origins of fermaentation and glycolysis

there used to be no oxygen in the atmosphere

Glycolysis was the first energy prodcuction evolution with no oxygen needed: ALL cells do it

Fermentation allows the continuanced of glycolysis (rpoduces some atp)

What is anaerobic fermentation. How much does it yield?

producing atp with no oxygen and no cellular respiration. it yields 2 atp and 1 glucose.

What are the two types of fermentation

lactic acid fermaentation and alcohol fermentation

Describe lactic acid fermentation: who does it, what is it, drawbacks?

happens in animals and bacteria

happens in muscle cells with continued strenuous activity: builds up in anaerobic or stressful exercise.

drawbacks: inefficient and the buildup of lactic acid causes stress and fatigue

Describe alcohol fermentation: who does it, what does it make, what is it used for

happens in yeast

it makes ethyl alcohol and co2 = bread, wine, beer.

What is the theory of endosymbiosis and the evidence for it

the theory that the mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent and prokaryotic (lacking internal structures): then, they were engulfed by one large cell, and they became interdependent = now stuck.

the evidence for it:

1. mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate like bacertia and have bacteria-like dna

2. both have 2 membranes, which indicates previous endocytosis (when we do endocytosis, we engulf something else in a membrane)

what is photosynthesis and its equation

6Co2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

converting light energy to food energy: the opposite of cellular respiration

describe the electromagnetic spectrum and the colors from most to least

different colors have different wave lengths which means different energy, all of which is only a smal part of all light going around

most - least ;; purple - blue - green - yellow - orange - red

What captures light in plants

chloroplast

What is chlorophyll, and what is it good at doing and what is it bad at doing.

chlorophyll is the primary pigment in the chloroplast, which captures light through pigment molecules

it is really good at capturing blue, orange, red: and REALLY bad at green - that’s why plants ar egreen (they reflect green light)

What are the two types of reactions in photosynthesis: how do they relate to each other

Light dependent and independent reactions.

You harvest the energy with LDR and then use it to build glucose using LIR.

Describe light dependent reactions in photosynthesis

energy capture that turns solar energy into ATP and NADPH

Describe light independent reactions in photosynthesis

synthesis reactions: atp + nadph + co2 (comes into leaf via storma) → glucose. Also called the calvin cycle. No light erequired.