Test 1 Outline: Chapters 1–3 BSC2085

These flashcards cover key concepts from Chapters 1–3 of BSC2085, focusing on anatomical terminology, cell structure, and biochemical principles.

What are the anatomical regions of the human body?

Cranial (head), Cervical (neck), Thoracic (chest)

What does the term 'superior' refer to in anatomical directional terms?

Toward the head.

What are the three major anatomical planes?

Sagittal plane, Coronal (frontal) plane, Transverse plane.

What body cavities are included in the dorsal cavity?

Cranial cavity and Vertebral cavity.

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Transport.

What is the definition of an 'atom'?

The smallest unit of matter.

What is a covalent bond?

A bond where electrons are shared between atoms.

What is the pH scale used to measure?

Hydrogen ion concentration.

What are monosaccharides?

Single sugar molecules like glucose, fructose, and galactose.

What is a triglyceride?

A lipid composed of 3 fatty acids and glycerol, used for energy storage.

What is the structure of proteins?

Polymers of amino acids bonded with peptide bonds.

What differentiates DNA from RNA?

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

What is ATP and its function?

Adenosine triphosphate, used for energy storage and transfer in the cell.

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

To synthesize proteins.

How does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) differ from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification; RER is studded with ribosomes and modifies transport proteins.

What occurs during DNA replication?

It is semi-conservative and involves helicase unwinding the DNA and DNA polymerase building a new strand.