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weathering
physical breakdown and/or chemical alteration of rocks
erosion
removal of weathered material
physical/mechanical weathering
disaggregation of rocks via mechanical processes
chemical weathering
decomposition of rocks and minerals via chemical reactions
exfoliation
due to a reduction in confining pressure
thermal expansion
expansion and contraction due to heating and cooling, by extreme daily temperature difference
mechanical weathering does include…
frost wedging, thermal expansion, biological activity
what type of mechanical weathering process is associated with ‘‘peeling like an onion’’
exfoliation
chemical weathering
decomposed, dissolved, or loosened by chemical processes
dissolution
some minerals are dissolved in water
oxidation
iron+oxygen=rust
hydrolysis
minerals react with water in order to form other products
what acid chemically weathers Mammoth Cave (limestone)?
sulfuric acid
When granite is chemically weathered, K-feldspar
is converted into kaolinite
factors affecting weathering rate
surface area, rock characteristics, climate
surface area
chemical weathering INCREASES with the surface area
rock characteristics
different resistances or rocks and minerals to atmospheric processes, unstable minerals decompose
climate
affected by moisture and temperature, high weathering in warm and humid climate
in which climate, chemical weathering likely to occur most rapidly
tropical forest
which of the following minerals is most resistant to weathering in the conditions found on Earth’s surface
quartz
soil
layers of loose mineral and organic matter with water and air
regolith
rock and mineral fragments
humus
decayed animal and plant remains
the most influential control of soil formation
climate
what is a soil formed in tropical region and is rich in iron and aluminum and lack of organic material
laterite
