Lecture 10 sensory system 06.11.24 (1)

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Sensation

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19 Terms

1

Sensation

The conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli.

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2

Sensory Neurons

Neurons that carry sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS).

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3

Perception

The conscious awareness and interpretation of the meaning of sensations.

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4

Sensory Modalities

Each unique type of sensation, such as pain, vision, and hearing.

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5

General Senses

Somatic and visceral senses that provide information about conditions within the body.

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6

Special Senses

Senses that include smell, taste, vision, hearing, and balance.

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7

Sensory Receptor

A specialized cell or dendrite of a sensory neuron that detects stimuli.

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8

Action Potential (AP)

An electrical impulse that travels along the neuron.

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9

Generator Potential

A graded potential produced by free and encapsulated nerve endings in response to stimuli.

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10

Receptor Potential

A postsynaptic potential caused by neurotransmitter release that may trigger an action potential.

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11

Divergence

The spread of information from one neuron to several neurons, permitting broad distribution of input.

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12

Convergence

Several neurons synapsing on the same postsynaptic neuron, allowing multiple patterns of activity to influence one output.

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13

Acuity

The precision of stimulus location, influenced by the size and number of receptive fields.

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14

Lateral Inhibition

A process that increases the contrast of signals in the nervous system by inhibiting signals from neighboring neurons.

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15

Nociceptors

Pain receptors that are free nerve endings found in nearly every tissue in the body.

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16

Prostaglandins

Compounds released during tissue injury that stimulate nociceptors, contributing to pain.

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17

First-order Neurons

Sensory neurons that conduct impulses from sensory receptors into the CNS.

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18

Second-order Neurons

Neurons that conduct messages from the spinal cord and brainstem to the thalamus.

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19

Third-order Neurons

Neurons that conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex.

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