Environmental Factors in Development

Chapter 2

Low SES

Focus on external characteristics: obedience, politeness, neatness, and cleanliness

More control and punishment in development

High SES

Focus on internal characteristics: curiosity, happiness, self-direction, and cognotive and social maturity

More stimulation and freedom in development

Collectivism

Group goals over individual goals and social aspects and relationships are prioritized

Individualism

People are concerned with their own needs and independenceH

Heritability estimates

measure differences in individuals in a population due to genetics

obtained from kinship studies: studies characteristics of family members

Passive correlation

Child has no control over influence of environment and their genes

Evocative Correlation

Responses are chosen by children and are influenced by heredity and this creates that child’s style

Active Correlation

Children actively seek environments that fit their their heredity

Niche-picking

Actively choosing environments that complement our heredity

Epigenetics

The study of how an environment can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence