Cell Biology topic 1

What are the 2 types of cells?

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Name 2 types of Eukaryotic cell.

Animal and plant cell

Name a type of Prokaryotic cell.

Bacteria cell

What are the 2 differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic has a nucleus but Prokaryotic doesn’t.
Eukaryotic is larger but Prokaryotic is smaller

What is the role of the nucleus?

Contains the DNA

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur.

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Releases energy via aerobic respiration

What is the role of the ribosomes?

Creates proteins.

What sub-cellular structures does an animal cell contain?

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

What sub-cellular structures are in a plant cell but NOT in an animal cell?

Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall

What is the role of the vacuole?

Contains cell sap, and gives the cell its shape

What is the role of the Chloroplasts?

Contains chlorophyll, and is where photosynthesis happens.
Gives the plant green pigment

What is the role of the cell wall?

Strengthens the cell’s structure

What is the role of a sperm cell?

Fuses with an egg during fertilisation.

How is the sperm adapted to its function?

Long tail to help it swim
Lots of Mitochondria for energy to swim

What is the role of a nerve cell?

Sends electrical impulses around the body

How is the nerve cell adapted to its function?

Long Axon that stretches over long distances, so can send impulses far across the body
Myelin Sheath that insulates the axon and helps impulses travel quicker
Dendrites increase the surface area, so more nerve cells can attach to it

What is the role of a muscle cell?

To contract and to relax.

How is a muscle cell adapted for its function?

Lots of mitochondria, so it has enough energy to contract.
Protein fibres that change length.

What is the role of a root hair cell?

Collects minerals from the soil

How is the root hair cell adapted for its function?

Long hair that increases the surface area so it can absorb more minerals from the soil.