Exogenic Processes: Weathering, Erosion, and Human Impact in Geology

Weathering

Breaking down of rocks.

Mechanical Weathering

Rocks break into smaller pieces but retain their original composition.

Frost Wedging

Water enters cracks, freezes, expands, and breaks the rock.

Salt Crystal Growth

Seawater enters rock pores; salt crystals form and expand as water evaporates.

Chemical Weathering

Changes the mineral composition of rocks through chemical reactions.

Acid Rain

Dissolves rock materials and damages structures.

Mining/Quarrying

Exposes deep rocks to unstable surface conditions and causes mechanical disturbance.

Deforestation

Removes plant cover, leaving soil and rocks exposed to water and wind.

Human Impact on Weathering

Speeds up weathering, leading to erosion and land degradation.